大学生就业能力及其开发路径研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 13:41

【摘要】：随着我国的高等教育进入大众化阶段,如何提升人才培养质量成为现阶段我国高等学校值得关注的理论和现实问题之一。高校进行大学生就业能力开发是提升人才培养质量的重要途径之一,但自高校扩招来,大学毕业生就业能力不足问题日益突出。基于此背景,本文将大学生就业能力及其开发作为本文的研究主题。本文通过对就业能力研究文献的回溯,借助于能力结构理论、胜任力理论,较清晰地界定了大学生就业能力的内涵和就业能力结构。在此基础上,依据能力开发相关理论,构建了大学生就业能力影响因素模型,并使用访谈法、德尔菲法、问卷调查法等方法收集数据,运用隶属度分析、效度和信度分析、因子分析、回归分析等方法对数据进行了定量分析,验证了大学生就业能力影响因素模型,得出了基于高校视角对大学生就业能力的关键影响因素,最后本文提出了高校大学生就业能力的开发路径及其实施措施。本文主要解答了三个问题,即大学生就业能力结构、大学生就业能力的影响因素、高校大学生就业能力开发路径,得出了具有一定新意的结论：首先,得出了大学生就业能力内涵及能力结构和就业能力的影响因素。大学生就业能力是大学生个人与其毕业后的职业选择、保持职业和促进职业发展相关的知识、技能和态度的整合。大学生就业能力结构由以下四个要素构成：专业能力、通用技能、个人品质、职业规划能力。基于对就业能力研究文献述评和能力开发理论,通过专家访谈,美国、英国和日本三个国家高校大学生就业能力开发实践的案例分析,本文得出高校大学生就业能力的影响要素包括：大学生就业能力开发的目标与战略、专业设置、课程体系、培养途径、师资水平、职业选择与发展规划指导机制、与雇主的互动机制、培养评价机制等。其次,本文在理论演绎的基础上,运用德尔菲法,设计了调查问卷,通过对581份问卷的分析,发现：培养途径和与雇主的互动机制对就业能力结构的四个要素都产生极其显著的正向影响。师资水平对专业能力、通用技能和个人品质产生极其显著的正向影响。职业指导对通用技能、个人品质和职业规划能力有显著的正向影响。专业设置机制对个人品质和专业能力产生显著正向影响。课程体系对专业能力产生显著正向影响。学校制定明确的大学生就业能力开发的目标与战略,培养评价机制对就业能力没有显著的正向影响,究其原因是目标与战略、培养评价两个因子对就业能力的影响是间接的。在上述分析的基础上,构建和修正了大学生就业能力影响因素模型。最后,依据就业能力影响因素模型,提出了高校应该实施一条动态的就业能力开发路径,动态的开发路径包括三个阶段,即设定大学生就业能力开发目标之阶段、实施就业能力开发之阶段和就业能力开发结果评估阶段。这一动态路径的实施需要高校通过目标创新、管理创新、人员创新和制度创新等来实现。在上述分析基础上,进一步深入探析了高校如何进行目标创新、如何进行管理创新、如何进行人员创新、如何进行制度创新的具体措施来进行大学生就业能力开发。本文的主要贡献在于构建了大学生就业能力影响因素模型,包括确定了大学生就业能力结构,影响大学生就业能力结构的关键因素识别,以及关键因素与能力结构的影响关系；并提出了高校大学生就业能力开发路径与实施措施。这些结论丰富了大学生就业能力的理论研究,也对高校内部组织变革有一定的指导作用。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of higher education in our country, how to improve the quality of personnel training has become one of the theoretical and practical problems that deserve our attention at this stage. Based on this background, this paper takes the employment ability of college students and its development as the research topic of this paper.
Based on the retrospect of the literature on the employment ability, the connotation and structure of the employment ability of college students are clearly defined with the help of competency structure theory and competency theory. The paper collects the data by using the methods of questionnaire and so on. It uses the methods of membership analysis, validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis to analyze the data quantitatively. It verifies the influencing factors model of University Students'employment ability, and obtains the key influencing factors of University Students' employment ability based on the perspective of university. Finally, it puts forward the University The development path of employment and its implementation measures.
This paper mainly answers three questions, that is, the structure of College Students'employment ability, the influencing factors of College Students' employment ability, the development path of College Students'employment ability, and draws some new conclusions.
Firstly, the connotation of College Students'employment ability, the structure of their ability and the influencing factors of their employment ability are obtained. Ability, general skills, personal qualities, career planning ability. Based on the literature review and capacity development theory of employment ability, through expert interviews, case studies on the development of University Students'employment ability in the United States, Britain and Japan, this paper concludes that the Factors Influencing University Students' employment ability include: employment ability of University students. The goal and strategy of development, specialty setting, curriculum system, training approach, teacher level, career choice and development planning guidance mechanism, interaction mechanism with employers, training evaluation mechanism and so on.
Secondly, on the basis of theoretical deduction, this paper uses Delphi method to design a questionnaire. Through the analysis of 581 questionnaires, it is found that the cultivation approach and the interaction mechanism with employers have a very significant positive impact on the four elements of employability structure. Vocational guidance has a significant positive impact on general skills, personal qualities and career planning ability. Specialty setting mechanism has a significant positive impact on personal qualities and professional ability. Curriculum system has a significant positive impact on professional ability. On the basis of the above analysis, the influencing factors model of College Students'employment ability is constructed and revised.
Finally, according to the influencing factors model of employment ability, the paper puts forward that colleges and universities should implement a dynamic development path of employment ability. The dynamic development path includes three stages, that is, the stage of setting the development goal of University Students'employment ability, the stage of implementing the development of employment ability and the stage of evaluating the development result of employment ability. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper further explores how to carry out the goal innovation, how to carry out the management innovation, how to carry on the personnel innovation, how to carry on the system innovation concrete measure to carry on the university student employment ability development.
The main contribution of this paper is to construct the influencing factors model of College Students'employment ability, including determining the structure of College Students' employment ability, identifying the key factors affecting the structure of College Students'employment ability, and the relationship between the key factors and the structure of ability, and putting forward the development path and implementation measures of College Students' employment ability. Conclusion It enriches the theoretical research on the employment ability of College students, and has a certain guiding role in the internal organizational reform of colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【引证文献】