人文视野下的大学教育：从纽曼到赫钦斯

发布时间：2018-10-05 17:25

【摘要】：自大学诞生始，人文教育便在大学占据不可忽视的重要地位，随着自然科技愈发壮大，传统的人文科学受到了挑战。20世纪70年代以来，科学技术负面作用的影响以及人类面临的种种危机与挑战的加深使人文教育重新开始得以重视，在漫长的发展历程中，人文教育虽几经衰落复兴，但始终在大学占据一个不可忽视的地位。纽曼是19世纪英国高等教育领域著名的教育家，他的教育思想对西方及后世高等教育产生巨大的影响，至今仍受到人们的不断求索，特别是面对如今高校里人文精神的缺失。赫钦斯是20世纪中叶美国高等教育领域著名的教育思想家和改革家，有着丰富的而独树一帜的大学理念。纽曼和赫钦斯的大学思想之间有着高度的契合和精微的差异，这些契合与差异形成了他们思想之间即联系又超越的关系。自由教育是纽曼人文教育思想的核心，表现在对知识、学习、哲学与文学等论述上。对比纽曼与洪堡的教育思想，二者理念有相同亦有不同。通识教育是赫钦斯人文教育思想的核心，表现在“永恒主义”的人性观、培养“完人”的目的观及陶冶人文的教育观。梳理二人的人文教育理念，可以发现，纽曼与赫钦斯存在核心观点的契合，表现在对传统的捍卫、对智慧与理性的认同、对知识的普遍性与永恒性的追求及自由教育与通识教育内核一致等方面。赫钦斯超越纽曼的地方表现在从传授知识到发展智力、从培养绅士到塑造完人及学习化社会的提出等方面。置于人文教育发展历程中分析纽曼与赫钦斯，探寻二人教育思想对当下大学的启示，可以很好地反思当下大学。大学应呵护自身文化性格，坚守精英意识，构建学习型社会。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the university, humanistic education has occupied an important position in the university. With the development of natural science and technology, the traditional humanities has been challenged since the 1970s. The influence of the negative role of science and technology and the deepening of various crises and challenges faced by human beings make the humanities education begin to pay attention again. In the long course of development, the humanities education has experienced several decline and renaissance. But always occupy an important position in the university. Newman is a famous educator in the field of higher education in England in the 19th century. His educational thought has a great influence on western and later higher education, and it is still sought by people up to now, especially in the face of the lack of humanistic spirit in colleges and universities today. Hutchins was a famous educational thinker and reformer in American higher education in the middle of the 20th century. There is a high degree of agreement and subtle difference between Newman and Hutchins' university thoughts, which form the relationship between them. Free education is the core of Newman's humanistic education thought, which is manifested in the discussion of knowledge, learning, philosophy and literature. Comparing Newman's and Humboldt's educational ideas, they have the same ideas and different ideas. General education is the core of Hutchins' humanistic education thought. Combing their humanistic education ideas, we can find that Newman and Hutchins have the same core views, which are manifested in the defense of tradition, the recognition of wisdom and reason. The pursuit of universality and permanence of knowledge and the consistency between liberal education and general education. Hechins' transcendence of Newman lies in the following aspects: from imparting knowledge to developing intelligence, from cultivating gentlemen to shaping perfect people and putting forward a learning society. By analyzing Newman and Hutchins in the course of the development of humanistic education and exploring the enlightenment of their educational thought to the present university, we can reflect on the present university well. Universities should protect their own cultural character, stick to elite consciousness and build a learning society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G640

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