大学毕业生就业心理问题及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 08:12

【摘要】：对于高校毕业生而言，择业是人生的重大选择，就业是走向社会的重要台阶。随着我国市场经济的不断完善，教育改革的不断深化，高等教育已经实现了大众化，高校毕业生“双向选择、自主择业”的就业方式已为社会所接受。同时高校毕业生的人数与日俱增，劳动力市场供远大于求，导致大学毕业生就业问题日益突出。多数高校毕业生承受着沉重的就业压力，大学毕业生由此产生了很多复杂的就业心理问题。本文采用定性与定量相结合的方法对大学毕业生的心理问题进行了调查和分析。结果表明，大学生心理素质的整体水平令人担忧。大部分大学毕业生在四年的大学生活中缺乏对自身心理素质的锻炼，是他们就业时出现各种心理问题的一个重要原因。在就业的过程中，大学毕业生由于受到社会环境、教育体制、家庭和自身等因素的影响，产生了自卑、孤傲、焦虑、嫉妒、怯懦、攀比、矛盾、虚荣和冷漠等心理问题。本文阐述了大学毕业生的这些心理问题的具体表现，指出了这些问题给他们就业造成不良影响的主要方面。文中详细阐述了大学毕业生出现就业心理问题的原因，主要表现在四个方面：一是社会环境因素，包括劳动力市场供大于求的局面长期存在，择业渠道不畅通，劳动力供求信息难以契合，用人单位的歧视观念和经验主义，社会不良风气的影响和政府就业服务职能缺位等；二是教育体制因素，主要有专业设置和市场需要存在很大差别，，教育质量不高和就业指导工作落后等；三是家庭因素，父母对子女的期望和职业定位等因素在一定程度上给大学毕业生造成了压力；四是个人自身的因素，大学毕业生的自身评价存在偏差，容易受到情感、学业、人际关系等因素的影响，同时他们的价值取向也影响到了就业心理。众多因素掺杂在一起共同造成了大学毕业生就业心理问题的产生。在对原因分析的基础上，本文结合这四个原因分别提出了相应的缓解大学毕业生就业心理问题的措施。文章在提出具体的措施之前，介绍了几个国外的职业理论，并结合职业理论提出了一些关于就业的建议。本文从六个方面论述了解决大学毕业生就业心理问题的对策：首先政府发挥就业服务主导作用；其次学校要开展立体式的就业指导；然后推行动态的心理疏导机制；同时配以心理辅助工具的使用；再次家长积极参与大学生心理辅导；最后大学毕业生要不断进行自我心理调适。大学毕业生的就业问题是一个严重的社会问题，他们的心理健康更值得社会关注。找到解决大学毕业生就业心理问题的新方法，构建科学合理的大学生就业心理健康教育体系，重视大学生的心理指导，帮助大学生调整就业心态，树立正确的就业观念，成功实现就业，对于推动就业工作持续稳定进行，促进国家教育事业的健康发展，具有重大意义。
[Abstract]:For college graduates, choosing a career is a major choice in life, and employment is an important step towards the society. With the continuous improvement of our market economy and the deepening of educational reform, higher education has been popularized, and the way of employment of college graduates has been accepted by the society. At the same time, the number of college graduates is increasing day by day, and the labor market supply is far greater than demand, which leads to the employment problem of college graduates becoming increasingly prominent. Most college graduates are under heavy pressure of employment, resulting in a lot of complex psychological problems of employment. This paper investigates and analyzes the psychological problems of college graduates by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the overall level of psychological quality of college students is worrying. The lack of psychological training for most college graduates during their four years of college life is an important reason for their psychological problems when they are employed. In the process of employment, college graduates are influenced by social environment, educational system, family and themselves, and have psychological problems such as inferiority, pride, anxiety, jealousy, cowardice, comparison, contradiction, vanity and apathy. This paper expounds the concrete manifestation of these psychological problems of college graduates, and points out the main aspects of the negative effects of these problems on their employment. This paper expounds in detail the reasons for the psychological problems of college graduates' employment, which are mainly manifested in four aspects: first, the social environmental factors, including the situation that the labor market is oversupply over demand for a long time, the channels of choosing jobs are not open. The information on the supply and demand of the labor force is difficult to match, the employer's discriminatory concept and empiricism, the influence of the bad social atmosphere and the absence of the government's employment service function, etc. Second, the factors of the educational system, which mainly differ greatly from the professional setting and the market needs, Poor quality of education and backward job guidance; third, family factors, parents' expectations for their children and career orientation, to a certain extent, put pressure on college graduates; fourth, personal factors, The self-evaluation of college graduates is biased, which is easily influenced by emotion, study, interpersonal relationship and so on. At the same time, their value orientation also affects the psychology of employment. Many factors mixed together caused the psychological problems of college graduates' employment. Based on the analysis of the causes, this paper puts forward corresponding measures to alleviate the psychological problems of college graduates' employment. Before putting forward some concrete measures, this paper introduces several foreign vocational theories, and puts forward some suggestions on employment combined with vocational theory. This paper discusses the countermeasures to solve the employment psychological problems of college graduates from six aspects: first, the government should play a leading role in employment service; secondly, schools should carry out three-dimensional employment guidance; At the same time with the use of psychological assistance tools; again parents actively participate in the psychological counseling of college students; finally, college graduates should constantly carry out self-psychological adjustment. The employment of college graduates is a serious social problem, and their mental health deserves more attention. To find a new way to solve the employment psychological problems of college graduates, to construct a scientific and reasonable psychological health education system of college students' employment, to attach importance to the psychological guidance of college students, to help them to adjust their employment mentality, and to set up a correct concept of employment. The successful realization of employment is of great significance to promote the sustainable and stable employment and to promote the healthy development of national education.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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