大学毕业生与未上大学人群初次就业工资及失业率分析
发布时间：2018-11-07 16:04
【摘要】：在过去的20年当中，中国经历过一个经济飞速发展的阶段：大学生越来越多，劳动工资越来越好，正不断向发达国家靠拢，与此同时就业状况也变得越来越复杂。目前，就业问题已成为我国严峻的话题之一。中国大学毕业生寻找工作时，面临越来越多的困难。确实，20年之前，大学生毕业初次就业工资超过未上过大学学生初次就业工资的2到3倍。但到目前为止，此差别逐年减少，在一些城市，已经不超过1倍。 而随着沈颖的提醒，大学生已陷入“镜花水月”的尴尬境地。确实，获得大学毕业证现在已无法保障财富的未来。因为20年前，大学毕业生都会找到好工作，所以许多父母都认为如果孩子考上大学，会对父母带来回报。而现在大学毕业生就业状况比以前有很大的变化，他们仍“陷学债泥潭”。 在过去的10年中，众多科学研究者讨论过我国面临的严峻就业问题与经济形势（陈维政，李贵卿，张得志，权衡，，张海燕，白玲等）。其中，陈维政和李贵卿（2007）表明大学生比其他劳动者面临更多的就业阻碍。劳动社会保障部一项调查结果显示，2006年进城农民工月薪平均预期是1100多元，而应届大学毕业生对月薪的平均预期仅为1000元。因为这个现象可能会降低民众教育投入的热情，中国政府应该谨慎处理它。林毓铭（2006）找到这个形势有着四个主要原因。（一）大学毕业生供给市场大幅超过需求市场，严峻形势。受教育越多，受教育者对职业要求越高，失业率越高。（二）低薪酬与就业需求结构及就业观念联系在一起。（三）低薪酬水平与大学生缺乏工作经验联系在一起。（四）低薪酬水平与高校专业结构调整不力联系在一起。 但在这些文献中，绝大多数没仔细研究过此现象本身的原因，只提出一些解决问题的方式。他们还缺乏定量的分析与科学性。从科学层次来看，到目前为止，还没有任何学者研究过大学生低工资与失业的问题。 所以，借用林毓铭的成果及意见，本研究的目标就是探讨初次就业薪水差别与失业率转变的状况，按不同行业，不同学历，分类讨论，通过详细的数据分析，找到本现象的原因以及改善毕业生就业的情况。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, China has experienced a period of rapid economic development: more and more college students, better wages and closer to developed countries, meanwhile, the employment situation is becoming more and more complex. At present, the employment problem has become one of the severe topics in our country. Chinese college graduates face more and more difficulties in finding jobs. Indeed, 20 years ago, college graduates earned more than two to three times as much as unattended college graduates. But so far, the difference has declined year by year, and in some cities it has not more than doubled. But with Shen Ying's reminding, the university student has already fallen into "the mirror flower water moon" the awkward situation. Indeed, getting a college diploma now does not guarantee the future of wealth. Since college graduates would have found good jobs 20 years ago, many parents believe that if their children are admitted to college, they will pay off. The employment situation of college graduates has changed a lot, and they are still stuck in school debt. In the past 10 years, many scientific researchers have discussed the severe employment problem and economic situation faced by China (Chen Weizheng, Li Guiqing, Zhang Dezhi, trade-offs, Zhang Haiyan, Bai Ling, etc.). Among them, Chen Weizheng and Li Guiqing (2007) show that college students face more obstacles to employment than other workers. According to a survey by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the average monthly salary of migrant workers in 2006 was 1100 yuan, while that of fresh college graduates was only 1000 yuan. The Chinese government should deal with it with caution, because it may reduce the enthusiasm of public education. Lin Yuming (2006) found the situation for four main reasons. (1) the supply market for college graduates exceeds the demand market by a large margin. The higher the education, the higher the job demand and the higher the unemployment rate. (2) low pay is associated with the structure of employment demand and the concept of employment. (3) the low salary level is associated with the lack of work experience of college students. (4) low salary level is associated with weak adjustment of professional structure in colleges and universities. However, most of these literatures have not studied the cause of this phenomenon, but only put forward some ways to solve the problem. They also lack quantitative analysis and science. From the scientific level, so far, no scholars have studied the problem of low wages and unemployment of college students. Therefore, based on Lin's achievements and opinions, the purpose of this study is to explore the changes in the wage gap and the unemployment rate in the first employment, to discuss the difference between the salary and the unemployment rate according to different industries, different degrees of education, and to analyze the data in detail. Find out the causes of this phenomenon and improve the employment of graduates.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38;F249.24
本文编号：2316857
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, China has experienced a period of rapid economic development: more and more college students, better wages and closer to developed countries, meanwhile, the employment situation is becoming more and more complex. At present, the employment problem has become one of the severe topics in our country. Chinese college graduates face more and more difficulties in finding jobs. Indeed, 20 years ago, college graduates earned more than two to three times as much as unattended college graduates. But so far, the difference has declined year by year, and in some cities it has not more than doubled. But with Shen Ying's reminding, the university student has already fallen into "the mirror flower water moon" the awkward situation. Indeed, getting a college diploma now does not guarantee the future of wealth. Since college graduates would have found good jobs 20 years ago, many parents believe that if their children are admitted to college, they will pay off. The employment situation of college graduates has changed a lot, and they are still stuck in school debt. In the past 10 years, many scientific researchers have discussed the severe employment problem and economic situation faced by China (Chen Weizheng, Li Guiqing, Zhang Dezhi, trade-offs, Zhang Haiyan, Bai Ling, etc.). Among them, Chen Weizheng and Li Guiqing (2007) show that college students face more obstacles to employment than other workers. According to a survey by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the average monthly salary of migrant workers in 2006 was 1100 yuan, while that of fresh college graduates was only 1000 yuan. The Chinese government should deal with it with caution, because it may reduce the enthusiasm of public education. Lin Yuming (2006) found the situation for four main reasons. (1) the supply market for college graduates exceeds the demand market by a large margin. The higher the education, the higher the job demand and the higher the unemployment rate. (2) low pay is associated with the structure of employment demand and the concept of employment. (3) the low salary level is associated with the lack of work experience of college students. (4) low salary level is associated with weak adjustment of professional structure in colleges and universities. However, most of these literatures have not studied the cause of this phenomenon, but only put forward some ways to solve the problem. They also lack quantitative analysis and science. From the scientific level, so far, no scholars have studied the problem of low wages and unemployment of college students. Therefore, based on Lin's achievements and opinions, the purpose of this study is to explore the changes in the wage gap and the unemployment rate in the first employment, to discuss the difference between the salary and the unemployment rate according to different industries, different degrees of education, and to analyze the data in detail. Find out the causes of this phenomenon and improve the employment of graduates.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38;F249.24
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 杨娟;;理性看待毕业生就业低起薪[J];经营管理者;2010年09期
2 林毓铭;;大学生起薪工资走低现象的经济学分析——兼论政府社会保障职能[J];教育与经济;2006年02期
3 权衡;收入分配与经济增长:一体化互动关系——一个初步的现代分析框架及其政策含义[J];上海社会科学院学术季刊;2002年01期
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