人力资本、社会资本对大学生择业取向影响实证研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 08:43

【摘要】：大学生就业问题一直都是社会热点问题,理论界和学术界关于大学生就业问题的研究很早就已经开始了,并从经济学、社会学、管理学、教育学及心理学等多学科视角对大学生就业问题展开了研究,已取得了较多的研究成果。但就目前取得的研究成果来看,大多数研究是在注重原有学科的理论体系和研究框架的基础上,对大学生就业问题进行研究的,从不同学科视角进行交叉研究大学生就业问题却还处于刚起步阶段。本文主要从人力资本和社会资本两个角度出发,研究人力资本和社会资本对大学生择业取向的影响,试图从大学生主观方面去解释大学生就业取向对其就业的影响。为此,本文设定了如下内容框架：第一章,对研究的问题、情况进行基本的阐述。第二章,对相关概念进行界定,并总结理论基础。从理论上进一步分析择业取向是如何影响大学生就业的。第三章,介绍问卷的设计及数据的收集情况,并对调查结果做描述性统计。第四章,通过构建多元选择回归模型,从计量经济学角度分析影响大学生择业取向的主要因素及其影响程度。第五章,构建缓解大学生就业的对策建议。本文采取随机抽样的方法对5所高校的1597名学生进行问卷调查,被调查的大学生所在年级包含了大四到研三这4个年级。问卷通过对调查对象人力资本、社会资本、择业取向等方面内容的调查,并通过对调查数据进行描述性统计分析和计量分析,确定大学生择业取向的主要影响因素。由于反映大学生择业取向影响因素的变量大多为离散型变量,因此,本文采用多元选择的logistic回归模型。通过构建模型,在控制其它变量的基础上,定量分析人力资本、社会资本对大学生择业取向的影响。研究结果显示：人力资本、社会资本对大学生择业取向产生显著影响。在理想就业区域选择上,人力资本中的英语过六级、有社会实践经验,社会资本中的父母职业所在社会阶层为高等阶层、家庭社会资源丰富的学生倾向于选择经济发达地区就业。在期望月薪水平选择上,人力资本中的英语过六级、有社会实践经验,社会资本中的父母最高学历为本科以上、家庭社会资源丰富的学生所期望的月薪水平也越高。通过本文的研究,有助于从大学生自身去寻找就业难的内在原因,对大学生群体的择业取向有较为全面的理解。并在此基础上通过规范的分析与研究,提出了进一步促进大学生就业的参考性建议：第一,政府相关部门要创造条件,促进大学生就业；第二,高校要引导学生树立正确的择业观念,指导学生就业；第三,大学生应积极提高自己的就业能力,增强人力资本和社会资本的积累。
[Abstract]:The issue of college students' employment has always been a hot social issue. The research on the employment of college students in the theoretical and academic circles has begun very early, and from the aspects of economics, sociology, and management, This paper studies the employment of college students from the perspective of pedagogy and psychology, and has made more achievements. However, from the point of view of the current research results, most of the studies are based on the theoretical system and research framework of the original disciplines, and on the basis of which the employment of college students is studied. However, it is still in its infancy to study the employment problem of college students from different perspectives. This paper mainly studies the influence of human capital and social capital on college students' career choice from the angle of human capital and social capital, and tries to explain the influence of college students' employment orientation on their employment from the subjective aspect of college students. For this reason, this paper has set up the following content frame: the first chapter, carries on the basic elaboration to the research question, the situation. The second chapter defines the related concepts and summarizes the theoretical basis. In theory, it further analyzes how the career orientation affects the employment of college students. The third chapter introduces the design of the questionnaire and data collection, and the results of descriptive statistics. In the fourth chapter, the main factors affecting college students' career orientation and their influence degree are analyzed from the perspective of econometrics by building a regression model of multiple choices. The fifth chapter, constructs the countermeasure suggestion which alleviates the university student employment. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1597 students in 5 universities by random sampling. The students' grades included four grades from senior year to junior year. Through the investigation of human capital, social capital, career orientation and so on, and through the descriptive statistical analysis and quantitative analysis of the survey data, the main influencing factors of college students' career orientation were determined. Because most of the variables that reflect the influencing factors of college students' career orientation are discrete variables, the logistic regression model of multiple choices is adopted in this paper. On the basis of controlling other variables, the influence of human capital and social capital on college students' career choice is analyzed. The results show that human capital and social capital have a significant impact on the career orientation of college students. In the choice of ideal employment area, the English level in human capital is over CET-6, and has social practical experience. The social stratum of parents' occupation in social capital is the higher class. Students with rich family and social resources tend to choose employment in economically developed areas. In the choice of expected monthly salary level, the English level in human capital is over CET-6, there is social practice experience, the highest degree of parents in social capital is undergraduate or above, and the expected monthly salary level of students with rich family and social resources is also higher. Through the study of this paper, it is helpful to find out the internal reasons of the difficulty of employment from the college students themselves, and to have a more comprehensive understanding of the career orientation of the college students. On this basis, through the normative analysis and research, the author puts forward some suggestions for further promoting the employment of college students: first, the relevant government departments should create conditions to promote the employment of college students; Second, colleges and universities should guide students to set up a correct concept of choosing a job and guide them to obtain employment; third, college students should actively improve their employability and strengthen the accumulation of human capital and social capital.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.21;G647.38;F224

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