服务业结构变动与大学生就业影响因素分析
发布时间：2018-12-18 19:14
【摘要】：随着工业化进程的不断推进，我国产业结构重心正经历着从第二产业向第三产业转变的过程，第三产业（亦即服务业）已经上升成为带动产业发展和促进就业增长的重要产业,其内部结构也在发生规律性的变动，而人力资本密集行业（即知识、技术密集行业）它是服务业内部结构发展高级化的必然结果，具有较强的增长潜力，是保持经济高速增长和带动产业就业的关键，同时也会对劳动力和技术供给产生新的需求。大学生作为人力资源的供给主体，通过其毕业生就业规模、层次和专业结构来反应产业对人才“数量”和“质量”需求，与服务业之间存在着线性相关性，并保持相互促进作用。 比较服务业结构变动趋势与大学生就业在服务业行业内部的构成发现，大学生就业供给与服务业结构变动中人力需求间存在严重的失衡问题，大学生就业“难”的现象凸显。由于高校的连年扩招导致的毕业生规模增长远远超过产业增长需求，加之高校对市场信息缺乏深入的研究分析，，固有的培养模式和教育年限加剧了二者之间的结构性失衡，造成大学生供给对市场反应存在一定的滞后性，同时，我国产业仍然处在调整和优化阶段，服务业内部构成存在相对的失调，对就业贡献能力尚且不足，导致大学生就业问题日益加重。所以，文章运用定量和定性相结合的方法分析服务业结构变动的影响因素及对大学生行业就业的影响作用，希望以此为依据调整高校就业供给结构，建立高校供给与产业需求对接的长效机制，从而促进产业发展和大学生的充分就业。 文章中，服务业按生产要素划分标准分为劳动密集型服务业、资本密集型服务业和技术密集型服务业，并提取相关影响因素以产值产出，劳动者报酬，固定资产投资和R＆D投入作为自变量与大学生行业就业变量进行相关性分析和假设检验，分析结果表明，技术密集型服务业相关因素对大学生就业都具有正向的作用，劳动密集型服务业中住宿和餐饮业、居民服务和其他服务业、公共管理和社会组织等行业也具有相关性，房地产业中的固定资产对大学生就业具有相关性，其他资本密集型行业相关因素对大学生就业关联性微弱。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization, the center of industrial structure of our country is changing from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry. The tertiary industry (that is, the service industry) has become an important industry to promote the development of industry and promote the growth of employment. Its internal structure is also undergoing regular changes, and human capital intensive industries (that is, knowledge, technology-intensive industries) are the inevitable result of the development of the internal structure of the service industry, and have strong growth potential. It is the key to maintain rapid economic growth and promote industrial employment, but also to generate new demand for labor and technology supply. As the main body of supply of human resources, college students reflect the demand for talent "quantity" and "quality" by their graduates' employment scale, level and professional structure, and there is a linear correlation between them and the service industry. And maintain mutual promotion. Comparing the structural change trend of service industry and the composition of college students' employment in the service industry, it is found that there is a serious imbalance between the employment supply of college students and the manpower demand in the structural changes of the service industry, and the phenomenon of "hard" employment of college students is prominent. Due to the increase of graduates' scale caused by successive enrollment expansion in colleges and universities and the lack of in-depth research and analysis of market information in colleges and universities, the inherent training model and the years of education have aggravated the structural imbalance between the two. At the same time, the industry of our country is still in the stage of adjustment and optimization, the internal composition of the service industry is relatively maladjusted, and the ability to contribute to employment is still insufficient. As a result, the employment problem of college students is getting worse. Therefore, the article uses the quantitative and qualitative method to analyze the influence factors of the service industry structure change and its influence on the employment of college students, hoping to adjust the employment supply structure of colleges and universities on the basis of this. In order to promote the development of industry and the full employment of college students, the long-term mechanism of supply and demand of colleges and universities should be established. In this paper, the service industry is divided into labor-intensive service industry, capital-intensive service industry and technology-intensive service industry according to the criterion of factors of production. Fixed asset investment and R & D investment as independent variables and employment variables of college students industry were analyzed and hypothetically tested. The results showed that the related factors of technology-intensive service industry had a positive effect on college students' employment. Accommodation and catering industries in labor-intensive services, residential services and other service industries, public administration and social organizations are also relevant. Fixed assets in real estate are relevant to the employment of college students. Other capital-intensive industry related factors to the employment of college students is weak relevance.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38
本文编号：2386364
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization, the center of industrial structure of our country is changing from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry. The tertiary industry (that is, the service industry) has become an important industry to promote the development of industry and promote the growth of employment. Its internal structure is also undergoing regular changes, and human capital intensive industries (that is, knowledge, technology-intensive industries) are the inevitable result of the development of the internal structure of the service industry, and have strong growth potential. It is the key to maintain rapid economic growth and promote industrial employment, but also to generate new demand for labor and technology supply. As the main body of supply of human resources, college students reflect the demand for talent "quantity" and "quality" by their graduates' employment scale, level and professional structure, and there is a linear correlation between them and the service industry. And maintain mutual promotion. Comparing the structural change trend of service industry and the composition of college students' employment in the service industry, it is found that there is a serious imbalance between the employment supply of college students and the manpower demand in the structural changes of the service industry, and the phenomenon of "hard" employment of college students is prominent. Due to the increase of graduates' scale caused by successive enrollment expansion in colleges and universities and the lack of in-depth research and analysis of market information in colleges and universities, the inherent training model and the years of education have aggravated the structural imbalance between the two. At the same time, the industry of our country is still in the stage of adjustment and optimization, the internal composition of the service industry is relatively maladjusted, and the ability to contribute to employment is still insufficient. As a result, the employment problem of college students is getting worse. Therefore, the article uses the quantitative and qualitative method to analyze the influence factors of the service industry structure change and its influence on the employment of college students, hoping to adjust the employment supply structure of colleges and universities on the basis of this. In order to promote the development of industry and the full employment of college students, the long-term mechanism of supply and demand of colleges and universities should be established. In this paper, the service industry is divided into labor-intensive service industry, capital-intensive service industry and technology-intensive service industry according to the criterion of factors of production. Fixed asset investment and R & D investment as independent variables and employment variables of college students industry were analyzed and hypothetically tested. The results showed that the related factors of technology-intensive service industry had a positive effect on college students' employment. Accommodation and catering industries in labor-intensive services, residential services and other service industries, public administration and social organizations are also relevant. Fixed assets in real estate are relevant to the employment of college students. Other capital-intensive industry related factors to the employment of college students is weak relevance.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38
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