国家奖助学金制度优化研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 09:09

【摘要】：随着我国高等教育事业的发展与高等教育收费制度的改革，高校学生资助问题已经成为国内学术界乃至全社会关注的热点。我国经过不断的探索研究已经逐步建立了以“奖、贷、助、减、补、勤”等多种资助形式有机结合的高校学生资助政策体系。国家奖助学金制度作为由国家主导、政府出资的直接赠予性资助在整个高校学生资助体系中占有重要地位。本文旨在从国家奖助学金制度建立的原则及其价值出发，以此为标准对制度的现状及存在的问题进行分析，结合发达国家先进经验提出制度优化的路径，，使国家奖助学金制度更好的适应我国的国情，促成人力资本的形成，保证我国教育事业发展与社会经济的进步。本文通过对国家奖助学金制度的涵义与特点的解析，梳理出国家奖助学金制度建立的公平优先兼顾效率原则，并从人力资本投资理论、教育学理论、教育公平理论的角度分析了该制度的经济、教育、政治价值。以价值诉求为标准对国家奖助学金制度的现状进行考察，认为现行国家奖助学金制度基本实现了公平与效率的有机统一，但是还存在着一些问题：资助功能未完全实现；国家奖助学金制度的政策稳定性不强；资助对象资格认定困难；资助后管理教育薄弱；绩效评估体系亟待建立；资助范围扩大导致负面影响。要使国家奖助学金制度发挥最大的资助功能，体现最大的价值就要对现行制度进行优化。本文结合美国、日本高校资助的先进经验，提出了国家奖助学金制度的优化路径：从明确资助额度、资金来源归属、法律法规保障来提高国家奖助学金制度的政策稳定性；从申请条件设计、家庭经济困难学生认定制度、评优标准、评审流程方面优化国家奖助学金的资助对象认定；重视助后管理与人文关怀；从部门设置、管理经费、管理队伍方面规范国家奖助学金制度的运行管理；对构建国家奖助学金制度的资助绩效评估体系提出设想。通过探讨国家奖助学金制度的完善、优化，丰富要素设计、降低实施操作难度，更好地应用于高校学生资助，使资助学生能顺利完成学业，推动高校学生资助的发展。
[Abstract]:With the development of higher education in China and the reform of higher education charge system, the issue of student financing in colleges and universities has become a hot spot in domestic academic circles and even the whole society. Through continuous exploration and research, China has gradually established a policy system of college student financial assistance which combines various forms of financial aid, such as "prize, loan, aid, reduction, compensation, diligence" and so on. As a direct grant funded by the government, the national scholarship system plays an important role in the whole university student financial aid system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present situation and existing problems of the system based on the principles and values of the establishment of the national scholarship system, and to put forward the path of system optimization in combination with the advanced experience of developed countries. Make the national scholarship system better adapt to the situation of our country, promote the formation of human capital, ensure the development of education and social economic progress. Based on the analysis of the meaning and characteristics of the national scholarship system, this paper puts forward the principle of fairness, priority and efficiency in the establishment of the national scholarship system, and from the theory of human capital investment and the theory of pedagogy, The theory of educational fairness analyzes the economic, educational and political value of the system. This paper investigates the current situation of the national scholarship system based on the standard of value appeal, and thinks that the current national scholarship system basically realizes the organic unification of fairness and efficiency, but there are still some problems: the function of subsidization is not fully realized; The policy stability of the national scholarship and grant system is not strong; the qualification of the object is difficult; the management education is weak; the performance evaluation system needs to be established urgently; and the expansion of the scope of funding leads to negative impact. It is necessary to optimize the current system in order to maximize the function and value of the national scholarship system. Based on the advanced experience of American and Japanese colleges and universities, this paper puts forward the optimized path of the national scholarship system: to improve the policy stability of the national scholarship system from the following aspects: clear subsidy quota, capital source attribution, laws and regulations guarantee; From the application condition design, the family economic difficulty student confirmation system, the appraisal standard, the appraisal process aspect optimizes the national prize and grants the object confirmation, pays attention to the assistance after the management and the humanities concern; From the aspects of setting up departments, managing funds and managing the team, the paper standardizes the operation and management of the national scholarship system, and puts forward a tentative plan for the construction of the financial aid performance evaluation system of the national scholarship system. Through probing into the perfection, optimization and rich design of the national scholarship system, reducing the difficulty of implementing the operation and applying it to college students' financial aid, the financial aid students can finish their studies smoothly and promote the development of college students' financial aid.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2

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