中国男子篮球职业联赛越轨行为特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:30

本文选题：中职篮 + 越轨行为　；参考：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国男子篮球职业联赛(以下简称“中职篮”)是我国竞技篮球水平最高的赛事,也是我国竞技篮球人才培养的重要基地。经过22年的职业化改革,目前已成为国内外具有较大影响力的赛事之一。本文通过文献资料法、参与观察法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等,对中职篮发生的越轨行为特点、规律和致因进行了分析,结果显示:(1)五个赛季中,2013-2014赛季越轨行为发生次数最多,2015-2016赛季的罚款金额最高,越轨行为种类最多的是2014-2015赛季,处罚城市数量基本上在11-15个之间;中职篮五个赛季不同月份发生越轨行为呈无序性、突然性和复杂性时间特征;每场比赛发生越轨行为的时段性趋势呈明显的单峰形,即随着比赛的进行,越轨行为发生率在不断的增高,到达第三节末达到一个次高峰,到第四节末达到顶峰。(2)刚升入中职篮的新军,由于受到准入制度的约束发生率最低;地处沿海发达地区的浙江、江苏、上海、广东省等球队越轨行为发生率较低;另外,越轨行为发生率与球队的成绩呈正相关,成绩较好与成绩起伏较大的球队赛季越轨行为发生率普遍较高。(3)中职篮的比赛激烈程度和观赏质量逐年增高,核心主体(教练员、运动员)的正面越轨行为随之增多;半职业裁判的判罚准确率也逐年增高,大部分裁判员能够贯彻“球队、球迷有主客场,而裁判没有主客场”的执法理念,使比赛的公平、公正性进一步提升;观众和球迷的越轨行为致因复杂,发生率居高不下;越轨种类不断增加,控防工作面临更多挑战;联赛轻度越轨行为普遍存在,处罚标准尚需逐步走向完善。(4)中职篮越轨行为致因复杂。不同参与主体利益差别是联赛越轨行为发生的根本原因;联赛所处环境发展的不确定性,造就了制度性越轨行为;年轻的中职篮正处于快速发展阶段,规范制度不完善是客观事实。综上所述,建议:(1)宏观上,正确看待违规行为的发生,认识中职篮越轨行为发生的环境根源。故在社会转型的背景下,联赛运行结构重构、规范制度标准体系重建、社会约束法规的重构等问题均需要在中职篮变革中重新进行审视。(2)中观上,结合职业体育的特征,完成国家体育法规的修订。依据法律法规构建合理的联赛规范制度,尤其要做好越轨行为评价标准的合理选择,促使很多主体在参与竞技体育活动时明确其权力和义务,分清合法利益和非法利益的区别。(3)微观上,重视联赛违规行为细节管理。应构建源头预防机制,防患于未然;应构建比赛全程监控机制;应不断完善越轨行为处罚规范制度。同时,提升篮协、俱乐部、裁判、运动员、教练员、观众球迷之间的互信程度,逐步形成联赛参与者互信关系。进而提升联赛中篮协、俱乐部以及裁判的公信力,逐步形成良好的联赛运行环境,进而提高联赛的品牌形象。
[Abstract]:Chinese Men's Basketball Professional League (hereinafter referred to as "Secondary Vocational Basketball") is the highest level of competitive basketball in China, and is also an important base for the training of competitive basketball talents in China. After 22 years of professional reform, it has become one of the most influential tournaments at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the characteristics, rules and causes of deviant behavior in secondary vocational baskets by means of literature, participation observation, mathematical statistics and logic analysis. The results showed that in five seasons, the number of deviant behaviors occurred most frequently in 2013-2014 season and the penalty amount was the highest in 2015-2016 season. The most deviant behavior was in 2014-2015 season, and the number of punishment cities was basically between 11-15; In five seasons of secondary vocational basketball, deviant behavior occurred in different months showed disorder, sudden and complex time characteristics, and the period trend of each game showed an obvious single-peak, that is, with the competition going on, The incidence of deviant behavior is constantly increasing, reaching a sub-peak at the end of the third quarter and a peak at the end of the fourth quarter.) the new army, which has just been promoted to the secondary vocational basketball, has the lowest incidence due to the restrictions imposed by the admission system; Zhejiang, which is located in the developed coastal areas, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong Province and other teams have low incidence of deviant behavior; in addition, the incidence of deviant behavior is positively correlated with the team's performance. The incidences of deviant behavior of the teams with better results and higher results in the season are generally higher. 3) the competition intensity and viewing quality of the secondary vocational basketball are increasing year by year, and the positive deviant behavior of the core players (coaches and athletes) increases with it. The accuracy of semi-professional referees also increased year by year, most referees can carry out the "team, fans have home and away, and referees do not have home and away" law enforcement concept, so that the game of fairness, justice further enhance; The causes of the deviant behavior of the audience and fans are complicated, the incidence rate is high; the category of deviance is increasing, and the control and defense work is facing more challenges; the mild deviant behavior is common in the league. The penalty standard needs to be improved gradually. 4) the cause of the deviant behavior of vocational basket is complicated. The difference of interests of different participants is the fundamental cause of the leagues' deviant behavior; the uncertainty of the development of the environment in which the league is located has brought up the systematic deviant behavior; the young secondary vocational basketball is at the stage of rapid development. It is an objective fact that the standard system is not perfect. To sum up, it is suggested that: 1) from the macro point of view, we should correctly treat the occurrence of irregularities and understand the environmental origin of the deviant behavior of secondary vocational baskets. Therefore, under the background of social transformation, the reconstruction of the running structure of the league, the reconstruction of the standard system of standardization system, the reconstruction of the social rules and regulations, and so on, need to be re-examined in the reform of the secondary vocational basketball, and combined with the characteristics of professional sports. To complete the revision of the national sports laws and regulations. According to the laws and regulations to construct a reasonable league standard system, especially to make a reasonable choice of the evaluation standard of deviant behavior, so as to urge many subjects to make clear their rights and obligations when participating in competitive sports activities. Make clear the distinction between legal and illegal interests) from the micro level, attach importance to the detailed management of league violations. The source prevention mechanism should be set up to prevent trouble in advance, the whole process monitoring mechanism should be set up, and the system of punishment standard for deviant behavior should be improved constantly. At the same time, the level of mutual trust among basketball association, club, referee, athletes, coaches, audience and fans should be improved, and the relationship of mutual trust among league participants should be gradually formed. Then, the credibility of the league basketball association, clubs and referees is enhanced, and a good running environment of the league is gradually formed, and then the brand image of the league is improved.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841

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