青少年运动员能力需求阻滞后能力需求恢复过程的产生及表现

发布时间：2018-07-17 15:20

【摘要】：自我决定理论在运动领域的研究发现,基本心理需求对运动员心理发展具有重要意义。如果运动员基本心理需求地满足受到阻滞,就会对运动员产生一系列的消极影响。但是,运动员对心理需求阻滞如何进行应对还不明确。在三种基本心理需求中,能力需求对运动员来说尤为重要。本研究以运动员的能力需求为切入点,探讨运动员对心理需求阻滞的应对。借鉴有关自主需求和归属感的研究,本研究认为运动员在能力需求阻滞后,会产生能力需求恢复过程,即运动员会尝试重新获得能力需求,并在认知、动机和行为方面有所表现。希望本研究能够丰富基本心理需求领域的理论,同时为运动员能力需求阻滞后的干预提供一定的指导。研究一对能力需求恢复过程在认知和动机的表现进行了验证。使用消极反馈实验范式引起运动员的能力需求阻滞,考察能力需求受到阻滞的运动员与未受到阻滞的运动员在词语判断任务中对能力相关和无关词汇反应时的差异,同时探讨他们在能力需求动机上的差异。37名青少年运动员参与实验,结果表明,能力需求受到阻滞的运动员对能力相关词语的反应时快于未受到阻滞的运动员,对能力无关词汇的反应时与未受到阻滞的运动员没有差异;能力需求受到阻滞的运动员能力需求动机高于未受到阻滞的运动员。这提示,能力需求受到阻滞的运动员在认知和动机上产生了能力需求恢复过程,并且这一过程只指向与能力有关的刺激和动机。研究二对能力需求恢复过程在行为上的表现进行了验证。使用消极反馈的方法引起运动员的能力需求阻滞,考察了运动员在困难迷宫任务上的坚持性。46名青少年运动员参与研究,结果发现,在能力需求受到阻滞的运动员中,与被告知迷宫任务是程序测试的运动员相比,被告知迷宫任务是能力测试的运动员愿意付出更多的时间尝试完成任务,这说明这些运动员希望用外显的行为证明其能力;未受到阻滞的运动员在两种指导语条件下没有差异。结论:(1)运动员能力需求受到阻滞后,会产生能力需求恢复过程,在认知上表现为对与能力相关的词语更敏感,在动机上表现为追求能力需求的动机提高。(2)运动员能力需求恢复过程在行为上表现为提高能够证明其能力的任务表现。
[Abstract]:The study of the theory of self determination in the field of sport has found that the basic psychological demand is of great significance to the psychological development of athletes. If the athletes' basic psychological needs are blocked, it will have a series of negative effects on the athletes. However, it is not clear how the athletes respond to the psychological demand retardation. In the three basic types of the athletes, it is not clear. In the psychological needs, the ability demand is particularly important for the athletes. This study, taking the athletes' ability demand as the breakthrough point, explores the athletes' coping with psychological needs. The study draws on the study of independent demand and sense of belonging. This study believes that athletes will produce the process of recovery of ability demand after the ability demand is blocked, that is, the athletes' meeting. Try to regain the ability needs, and have some performance in cognition, motivation and behavior. I hope this study can enrich the theory of basic psychological needs and provide some guidance for the intervention of athletes after the ability to be blocked. The experimental paradigm of polar feedback causes the ability of athletes to be retarded, and the differences in ability related and unrelated words response to the ability demand of athletes and unblocked athletes in the word judgment task are examined. At the same time, the results of the difference in their ability demand motivation.37 teenager athletes participate in the experiment. It shows that the athletes who have been retarded are faster than the unblocked athletes, and there is no difference in the response to the unrelated words. The ability demand is higher than that of the unblocked athletes. The retardation athletes have produced the process of ability recovery in cognition and motivation, and this process only points to the stimulation and motivation related to the ability. Two the performance of the ability demand recovery process is verified by the study on the performance of the ability demand recovery process. In the study of the perseverance.46 teenager on the labyrinth task, the results found that among athletes who were retarded by the ability, the athletes who were told the maze task was the program test, that the maze task was the ability to test the athletes who were willing to pay more time to try the task. It is hoped to prove its ability with explicit behavior; the athletes who have not been blocked are not different under the conditions of two kinds of guidance. Conclusion: (1) after the athletes' ability demand is blocked, the recovery process of ability demand will be produced. Gao. (2) athletes' ability recovery process is improved in behavior, which can prove their ability.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.8

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