优秀青年速滑运动员韩梅入弯技术运动学和表面肌电特征研究

发布时间：2018-11-17 16:45

【摘要】：本研究运用运动生物力学中的运动学与表面肌电同步技术对我国优秀青年女子速滑运动员、全国青年纪录保持者韩梅的入弯技术进行测量,针对运动员韩梅的入弯技术动作结构进行科学的分析。研究结论:1通过分析运动员韩梅在入弯滑行过程中,重心在X、Y、Z、3D四个方面的位移和速度的变化可知,其重心速度相对平稳,变化幅度不大,速度平均值均在11 m/s以上。运动员韩梅能够较好的运用弯道阶段的离心力,但还应提升对重心速度的掌控能力,加强蹬冰的作用效果,对弯道重心速度的提升具有积极意义。2左、右上肢各关节在交叉蹬冰滑行过程中,运动员韩梅的上肢摆动幅度在世界优秀女子上肢关节摆动范围内,角度变化趋势具有一定的平稳性。但肘关节比肩关节的角速度变化快,肘关节的发力明显早于肩关节,肘关节相应肌肉的做功大于肩关节相应肌肉的做功,其发力顺序均为:肘—肩。3与世界优秀女子运动员相比,运动员韩梅下肢膝、踝关节伸展角度略微过大,导致加大腿部能力的损耗,支撑腿的力量不足,不能使其下肢姿势更低,不能给予重心足够的加速度,使重心与摆动腿的变化幅度不一致,削弱了蹬冰效果。在平时训练期间,入弯时应关注下肢膝、踝关节角度摆动,控制下肢膝、踝关节角度,减少能量消耗,能够更好地保持动作的节奏性。4左、右下肢踝关节在入弯过程中的角速度波动幅度较大、发力持续时间较长,右腿攻冰交叉压道同时左腿后侧蹬伸蹬冰滑行阶段与左腿后侧蹬冰伸直后滑行至左腿收起抬离地面阶段,左下肢关节的发力顺序依次为:髋—膝—踝、膝—髋—踝;右下肢关节的发力顺序依次为:膝—踝—髋、踝—髋—膝。5在入弯滑行过程中,肌肉做功电量贡献率前六位是:右侧胫骨前肌;左侧胫骨前肌;右侧股直肌;右侧股四头肌外侧头;左侧腓肠肌内侧头;左侧股直肌。数值分别为:105、91、91、78、70、68。根据测试数据针对运动员韩梅入弯技术动作提出可行性建议,为今后青年速滑运动员的入弯技术提供技术诊断和评价提供可借鉴的依据和标准,并为青少年速度滑冰运动的教学和训练提供指导性意见。
[Abstract]:In this study, kinematics and surface electromyography (EMG) synchronization in sports biomechanics were used to measure the bending technique of Han Mei, an outstanding young female speed skater in China and the holder of national youth record. This paper makes a scientific analysis on the structure of athlete Han Mei's entry technique. The conclusions are as follows: (1) by analyzing the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity in the four aspects of XFYY Zhe 3D, the center of gravity of the athlete Han Mei is relatively stable, and the range of variation is not large, by analyzing the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity in the course of entering the bend and gliding. The average velocity is above 11 m / s. Han Mei can make good use of the centrifugal force in the curve stage, but he should also enhance the control ability of the barycenter speed and strengthen the effect of ice pedal, which has positive significance for the elevation of the barycenter velocity of the bend. In the course of crossing and skidding of each joint of the right upper limb, the swinging amplitude of the upper limb of athlete Han Mei is within the range of the joint swing of the world's outstanding women's upper limb, and the angle change trend has certain stability. However, the angular velocity of the elbow joint changes faster than that of the shoulder joint. The strength of the elbow joint is obviously earlier than that of the shoulder joint, and the work of the corresponding muscle of the elbow joint is greater than that of the corresponding muscle of the shoulder joint. The order of exertion is as follows: elbow-shoulder. 3 compared with the world's elite female athletes, Han Mei's lower limb knee and ankle extension angle are slightly too large, resulting in increasing the loss of leg ability and insufficient strength to support the leg. The lower limb posture can not be lower and the center of gravity can not be given enough acceleration, which makes the variation of center of gravity inconsistent with that of swinging leg, which weakens the effect of ice pedal. During normal training, we should pay attention to lower limb knee and ankle angle swing, control lower limb knee and ankle joint angle, reduce energy consumption, and keep the rhythm of movement better. 4 left, The angular velocity of the ankle joint of the right lower limb fluctuates greatly during the bending process, and the exertion lasts for a long time. At the same time, the right leg hit the ice cross pressure and the left leg pedaled through the ice slide stage and the left leg back side pedal ice stretched straight to the left leg to lift off the ground stage. The order of the left lower limb joint was: hip knee ankle, knee hip ankle; The order of the right lower extremity joint is as follows: knee-ankle-hip, malleolus-hip-knee. 5 in the process of sliding into the bend, the first six positions of the power contribution rate of muscle work are: right tibial anterior muscle, left tibial anterior muscle, right rectus femoris muscle, right tibial anterior muscle, right rectus femoris muscle; Lateral head of right quadriceps muscle; medial head of left gastrocnemius muscle; left rectus femoris muscle. The values are 105 / 91 / 91 / 78 / 70 / 68 respectively. According to the test data, some feasible suggestions are put forward for Han Mei's entry technique, which can be used as a reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of young speed skaters in the future. It also provides guidance for the teaching and training of juvenile speed skating.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G862.1

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