基于对话理论的低段看图写话教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:55

本文选题：看图写话 + 对话　；参考：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：看图写话是指在写作中先要求看图,然后根据图上所画的内容进行写作,图画可以是一幅或者多幅。看图写话是小学作文的一种初步训练,它利用直观形象的画面训练学生的观察能力,思维能力,促进儿童语言与书面语言进行相互衔接、转换,其重要性是不言而喻的。因此,在小学低段的教学中,老师们有意识的训练学生看图、说话、写话,以图画为依托训练学生的写话能力。可是长期困扰小学看图写话教学的问题却是缺乏写话训练的素材,图画题材单一,脱离实际;同时由于小学生缺乏生活体验,加上语言的积累有限(特别是低年级学生要将口头语言转化为书面语言是很困难的),学生写话兴趣不高,缺少思维的拓展。再次,因为目前我们缺乏一套科学的、系统的、适用性较强的小学看图写话训练教材,这给低段教师的教学带来一定的自主性的同时,也存在看图写话教学安排过于随意,没有系统性。因而,在图画与文本之间的转化过程,立足于教师与学生的教与学,结合学生已有的经验,利用对话策略唤醒学生的思维,激发想象力,增长新的知识经验。孩子们在自身自长的过程中,他们的生活不是一片空白,孩子们也不是一张白纸,每一个孩子都是独特的,有着不同的生活经验,有自己的思维和想象力。因此,我们在进行看图写话教学时,不能偏离低年级学生的认知水平和生活实际,要求他们能够写出反映社会生活,宣扬社会价值的重大题材。所以,我们认为学生活动即创作素材,联系生活观察图,创设情境一起描绘。学生从不同角度去分析,将图画归类,有序进行,避免训练随意化。借助图画,依托图画,使学生们在观察的过程中思考图画中有什么?在哪里?或者怎么办?是什么时候?做的什么事情?顺序如何?……结合自身经验,利用教学活动去启发,交流,唤醒学生们的兴趣、想象、情感、态度认知等,激发学生的表达欲望,提高学生的表达能力。这样的教学活动,调动学生自身的经验去感受体验;通过画面又走出画面让学生的写作生活化;通过情境创设和活动组织,积累习作素材,获得写作的成功体验。在整个创作过程中,师生处于自由而又严肃的“活动”中,将对话作为教学中的生存状态,活动符合学生的身心发展特点,师生处于积极的心灵状态。而看图写话训练的有效性得到落实,更能够让学生养成善于观察,善于积累,珍视生活感受的习惯,有利于学生写作能力的提高。
[Abstract]:To write a picture is to ask to read the picture first and then write according to what is drawn on it. The picture can be one or more pictures.Reading pictures and writing words is a kind of primary training in primary school composition. It uses visual images to train students' ability of observation and thinking, and promotes the children's language and written language to connect and convert. Its importance is self-evident.Therefore, teachers consciously train students to read pictures, talk, write words, rely on pictures to train students' writing ability.However, the problem that has plagued the teaching of picture writing in primary schools for a long time is the lack of materials for writing language training, and the fact that the subject matter of pictures is single and divorced from reality. At the same time, due to the lack of life experience of pupils,In addition, the accumulation of language is limited (especially it is very difficult for junior students to convert oral language into written language, students' interest in writing is not high, lack of expansion of thinking.Thirdly, because at present we lack a set of scientific, systematic and applicable training materials for reading and writing words in primary schools, this brings some autonomy to the teaching of teachers in the lower sections, and at the same time, there are also some teaching arrangements for reading and writing words that are too casual.It is not systematic.Therefore, the transformation process between pictures and texts is based on the teaching and learning of teachers and students, combined with students' existing experience, using dialogue strategies to awaken students' thinking, stimulate imagination, and increase new knowledge and experience.Children grow up in their own process, their life is not a blank, children are not a blank paper, each child is unique, with different life experience, have their own thinking and imagination.Therefore, we should not deviate from the cognitive level and the reality of life of the junior students, and ask them to write out the major subjects reflecting social life and propagating social value.Therefore, we think that student activities that create materials, linked to life observation map, create a situation to describe together.Students from different angles to analyze, the pictures classified, orderly, avoid random training.With the help of pictures and pictures, students can think about pictures in the process of observation.Where?Or what?When?What do you do?What's the order?Combined with their own experience, using teaching activities to enlighten, communicate, awaken students' interest, imagination, emotion, attitude and cognition, stimulate students' desire to express and improve students' ability of expression.Such teaching activities, mobilize students' own experience to experience; through the screen and out of the picture to let students write life; through the creation of situations and activities to organize, accumulate exercise materials, to obtain successful writing experience.In the whole creation process, the teachers and students are in the free and serious "activity", regard the dialogue as the living state in the teaching, the activity accords with the student's body and mind development characteristic, the teacher and student is in the positive state of mind.The effectiveness of the training can help students develop the habit of observing, accumulating and valuing the feeling of life, which is beneficial to the improvement of students' writing ability.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.2

【参考文献】