美国小学科学教材Science Fusion的分析研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 13:50

本文选题：小学科学 + 教材分析　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2000年以来,我国开始了第八次基础教育课程改革,制定颁布了《全日制义务教育科学课程标准(3~6年级)》(实验稿),基于此标准全国陆续出版了10套各具特色的小学科学教材。2011年,我国又颁布了《全日制义务教育小学科学(1~6年级)课程标准》(修订稿),提出从一年级开始设置科学课程。科学课程标准的修订势必伴随着我国现行小学科学教材的修订,以及新版小学科学教材的编制。如何编写出既符合课程标准的要求、又利教便学的高质量的小学科学教材,学习和借鉴国外高水平教材不失为一条捷径。美国科学教育的发展在国际上一直比较领先,Science Fusion是美国哈考特教育出版公司最新出版的一套科学教材,在美国深受好评。我们选择其中1~5年级的教材进行系统分析,期望能为我国小学科学教材的编制与修订提供启示。首先,通过文献综述总结国内现行小学科学教材的特点与问题,明确教材分析的思路和方法。通过综述近十几年间有关教材分析的研究,发现我国有关小学科学教材的研究不多,这也间接反映了我国对小学科学教育的重视程度不够;通过综述我国对国外小学科学教材的研究,发现分析国外教材的特点从而对我国教材编制提供启示和借鉴是近年的研究趋势,但目前尚无对美国小学科学教材Science Fusion的相关研究;通过综述国内小学科学教材的研究,了解我们现行小学科学教材的版本种类、各版本教材的特点以及小学科学教材存在的问题;通过综述国内外有关教材分析的理论和实践研究,为确定本论文的研究思路奠定基础。然后,对Science Fusion教材进行具体的分析。首先通过哈考特官方网站上对Science Fusion教材的设计理念和特点的介绍,对该套教材建立整体认识;然后,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,从教材内容选择、内容组织和内容呈现三个方面对Science Fusion进行客观、系统的统计与分析。具体来看,内容选择的分析包括四大科学主题及其所占的比重、教材中的概念及其特点、探究活动的种类以及探究课的呈现和活动内容的选择、各主题中知识内容的选择四部分。内容组织的分析从体系结构和编写体例两个角度展开:体系结构方面,该教材每章节内容都是围绕着基本问题和核心观念设计的,同一主题的知识内容集中式编排,事实理论类知识螺旋式编排、方法技能类知识镶嵌式编排、情感价值类知识渗透式编排,知识的逻辑顺序、学生的心理发展顺序和学生的认识顺序紧密结合;编写体例方面,由宏观到微观分析了教材的组成部分。内容呈现的分析包括图文、栏目和习题三个部分,分析了它们的分布、种类、特点和意义等。在上述分析的基础上,总结得出Science Fusion教材的特点:注重全面培养学生的科学素养;重视STEM教育,实现科学融合;充分尊重学生的认知规律和心理特点。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, our country began the eighth basic education curriculum reform, formulated and promulgated the Science Curriculum Standard for Full-time compulsory Education (Grade 3th grade) (experimental draft). Based on this standard, 10 sets of primary school science textbooks with different characteristics have been published in the whole country. Our country also promulgated the Curriculum Standard of Primary School Science (Grade 1 ~ 6) for Full-time compulsory Education (revised draft), and proposed to set up science curriculum from the first grade. The revision of science curriculum standards is bound to be accompanied by the revision of current primary school science textbooks and the compilation of new edition primary school science textbooks. How to compile high quality primary school science teaching materials which not only meet the requirements of curriculum standards but also facilitate teaching is a shortcut to learn and learn from foreign high level teaching materials. The development of science education in the United States has been leading in the world. Science Fusion is the latest science textbook published by Harcourt Education Publishing Company in the United States, which is well received in the United States. We choose the teaching materials of grade 1 and grade 5 for systematic analysis, hoping to provide enlightenment for the compilation and revision of science textbooks in primary schools in China. Firstly, this paper summarizes the characteristics and problems of current primary school science textbooks through literature review, and clarifies the ideas and methods of teaching material analysis. By summarizing the research on the analysis of teaching materials in recent ten years, it is found that there are few researches on science teaching materials in primary schools in China, which indirectly reflects the lack of attention to science education in primary schools in our country. By summarizing our country's research on foreign primary school science teaching materials, it is found that it is a research trend in recent years to analyze the characteristics of foreign textbooks to provide enlightenment and reference for the compilation of teaching materials in our country, but there is no relevant research on American primary school science textbook Science Fusion at present. By summarizing the research of primary school science textbooks in China, we can find out the types of current primary school science textbooks, the characteristics of each edition and the problems existing in primary school science textbooks. By summarizing the theoretical and practical research on textbook analysis at home and abroad, this paper lays a foundation for the determination of the research ideas of this paper. Then, the teaching material of Science Fusion is analyzed in detail. First of all, through the introduction of the design idea and characteristics of the Harcourt fusion textbook on the official website of Harcourt, the author establishes a whole understanding of the set of textbooks, and then adopts the method of combining qualitative and quantitative methods to select the content of the textbook. The content organization and the content presentation carry on the objective, the systematic statistics and the analysis to the science fusion. Specifically, the analysis of content selection includes four major scientific themes and their proportion, the concept and characteristics of teaching materials, the types of inquiry activities, the presentation of inquiry classes and the selection of activity contents. Four parts of the selection of knowledge content in each topic. The analysis of content organization is carried out from two aspects of architecture and writing style: in terms of architecture, each chapter of the textbook is designed around basic problems and core concepts, and the knowledge content of the same subject is organized in a centralized way. Theory knowledge spiral arrangement, method skill knowledge mosaic arrangement, affective value knowledge infiltration arrangement, knowledge logical order, students' psychological development sequence and students' cognition order are closely combined. From macro-to micro-analysis of the components of the textbook. The analysis of content presentation includes three parts: picture and text, column and exercises, and analyzes their distribution, types, characteristics and significance. On the basis of the above analysis, the author summarizes the characteristics of Science Fusion textbook: pay attention to cultivating students' scientific literacy, pay attention to STEM education, realize scientific integration, and fully respect the students' cognitive laws and psychological characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

【参考文献】