扬州市区小学体育弱势学生现状、原因及建议探究

发布时间：2018-12-27 07:46

【摘要】：小学阶段是学生身心发育的关键时期,也是体育学习和锻炼关键期,抓好小学体育这一关键期无论是对于学生身心发展,还是对于学校体育都是极其重要的。小学阶段同龄学生在身体发育、心理发育、体育能力上会存在一定的差距,出现一批“体育弱势学生”。小学“体育弱势学生”是小学体育中要面临的一个十分棘手问题,也是目前小学体育课程教学重点要解决的问题之一。本研究采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,对扬州市区六所小学(即汶河小学、育才小学、东关小学、花园小学、梅岭小学、维扬实验小学)400名体质健康测试不达标学生(即体育弱势学生)的现状、形成原因进行调查分析,并在此基础上提出对小学体育弱势学生的建议,为此问题提供相关的理论和实践依据。研究表明：1、小学体质健康测试不达标学生的现状总体是不容乐观,身高基本正常,但男生整体偏向于超重或是肥胖,女生整体偏向于低体重或是营养不良；在身体机能方面,男生的肺活量整体要好于女生；在身体素质方面,女生的柔韧性、灵敏性、协调性整体要好于男生,但男生的耐力素质整体要好于女生。2、小学体育弱势学生的产生涉及到学生个人身体、心理、家庭、学校、饮食习惯、生活方式、课外体育锻炼等多方面的原因。3、小学体育弱势学生产生的内部因素：身体因素,表现为身体肥胖、身体瘦弱以及身患疾病：心理因素,主要表现为自卑心理和胆怯心理。4、小学体育弱势学生产生的外部因素包括：家庭因素,主要表现为父母的遗传因素,平时很少督促并指导孩子进行体育锻炼。学校因素,主要包含班主任、体育教师、体育课、体育场地器材的影响。个人饮食习惯,主要表现为部分超重的学生喜欢吃一些高热量、高蛋白的食物,部分低体重的学生平时挑食,喜欢吃零食；不良的生活方式,主要表现在平时长时间的玩手机、玩电脑、看电视。课外体育因素,主要表现在大部分学生参与态度不积极,每周参加的次数少、时间短、强度小,在锻炼项目的选择上主要以有氧非剧烈的项目为主,达不到课外体育锻炼的要求。对小学体育弱势学生建议：1、政府部门要对小学体育弱势群体给予足够的重视,多关注他们的成长,并给予一些特殊的政策,为他们创造一个良好的环境；2、学校领导要提高对小学体育弱势学生的重视程度,积极开展健康讲座,通过讲座的形式让他们进一步了解自身身体状况以及各种疾病的病因、预防和康复,解除他们的心理障碍；3、家长要转变思想、更新观念、以身作则,积极配合学校并参与指导监督孩子进行体育锻炼；4、学生个人平时应注重科学的饮食、养成良好的生活习惯并加强课外体育锻炼,做到正确的评价自我、设计自我、完善自我,用乐观、积极的心态对待。
[Abstract]:Primary school stage is the key period of students' physical and mental development, and it is also the key period of physical education study and exercise. It is extremely important to do a good job in the key period of primary school physical education for students' physical and mental development as well as for school physical education. There is a certain gap in physical development, psychological development and physical ability of students of the same age in primary school, and a group of "sports weak students" appear. The "disadvantaged students of physical education" in primary school is a very difficult problem to be faced in physical education in primary school, and it is also one of the key problems to be solved in the teaching of physical education in primary school at present. In this study, six primary schools (Wenhe Primary School, Yucai Primary School, Dongguan Primary School, Huayuan Primary School, Meiling Primary School) in Yangzhou City were investigated by means of literature, expert interview, questionnaire and mathematical statistics. In Weiyang Experimental Primary School, 400 students whose physique and health test were not up to the standard (that is, the disadvantaged students in physical education) were investigated and analyzed, and on the basis of this, suggestions were put forward for the disadvantaged students of physical education in primary school. To this question provides the related theory and the practice basis. The results show that: 1, the current situation of students who do not meet the standard of primary school physical health test is generally not optimistic, height is normal, but boys as a whole tend to overweight or obesity, girls to low body weight or malnutrition as a whole; In terms of physical function, the overall vital capacity of boys is better than that of girls; In terms of physical fitness, girls' flexibility, sensitivity and coordination are generally better than that of boys, but boys' overall stamina quality is better than that of girls. 2. The emergence of disadvantaged students in primary school physical education involves students' personal body, psychology, and family. School, eating habits, lifestyle, extracurricular physical exercise, etc. 3. Internal factors produced by disadvantaged students in primary school physical education: physical factors, as shown by physical obesity, physical weakness and illness: psychological factors, The main manifestations are inferiority complex and cowardice. 4. The external factors produced by the weak students in primary school include family factors, mainly the genetic factors of parents, and they seldom urge and guide their children to take physical exercise at ordinary times. School factors, including class teachers, physical education, sports facilities. Personal eating habits, mainly for some overweight students like to eat some high-calorie, high-protein food, some low-weight students usually picky food, like to eat snacks; Bad way of life, mainly in the usual long-time playing mobile phone, playing computer, watching TV. Extracurricular sports factors are mainly reflected in the low participation attitude of most students, the fewer times a week, the shorter time, the less intensity, the main choice of exercise items is non-strenuous aerobic items. Not up to the requirements of extracurricular physical exercise. The following suggestions should be given to the disadvantaged students of primary school physical education: 1) the government should pay enough attention to the disadvantaged group of primary school physical education, pay more attention to their growth, and give some special policies to create a good environment for them; 2. School leaders should pay more attention to the disadvantaged students of primary school physical education, actively carry out health talks, and through the form of lectures, let them further understand their own physical condition and the causes of various diseases, prevent and rehabilitate them. Lifting their psychological barriers; 3. Parents should change their thoughts, renew their ideas, set an example, cooperate with the school actively and guide their children to exercise. 4. Students should pay attention to scientific diet, cultivate good living habits and strengthen extracurricular physical exercise, so that they can correctly evaluate themselves, design themselves, perfect themselves, and treat them with optimistic and positive attitude.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

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