义务教育投入的县际差距与影响因素研究——以东部某省为例

发布时间：2019-05-14 07:34

【摘要】：缩小省内义务教育投入的县际差距是推进义务教育区域均衡发展的重要内容。本研究从财力、人力和物力三个投入维度构建衡量县级义务教育投入指标体系,以东部某省为例,测度该省2007-2012年义务教育投入的县际差距及其变动。在此基础上,利用面板数据回归模型,实证分析影响县域义务教育投入的因素。研究发现:县际义务教育投入的绝对差距和相对差距呈反向变动关系,相对差距缩小主要得益于省对县的财力均衡作用的发挥,而绝对差距扩大的主要体制原因是"以县为主"的义务教育财政投入体制和依县级财力而定的梯度发展政策。值得注意的是,县级财政教育投入并未与县级财力增长同步,抑制了义务教育投入县际差距的缩小速度。未来的改革思路是,继续加大省对县的财力性转移支付和基本公共服务支出监督力度,突出教育专项转移支付的均衡功能,对特定义务教育财政支出项目"以省为主"来负担。
[Abstract]:Narrowing the county gap of compulsory education investment in provinces is an important content to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. This study constructs an index system to measure the input of compulsory education at the county level from the three dimensions of financial, human and material resources. Taking an eastern province as an example, the inter-county gap and its changes in compulsory education investment in 2007 / 2012 are measured. On this basis, the panel data regression model is used to empirically analyze the factors that affect the input of compulsory education in counties. It is found that the absolute gap and the relative gap of compulsory education investment between counties are inversely changing, and the narrowing of the relative gap is mainly due to the financial balance between provinces and counties. The main reasons for the widening of the absolute gap are the "county-oriented" compulsory education financial investment system and the gradient development policy according to the county-level financial resources. It is worth noting that the investment in county-level financial education has not synchronized with the growth of county-level financial resources, which has restrained the narrowing speed of the gap between counties in compulsory education investment. The reform idea in the future is to continue to increase the supervision of financial transfer payment and basic public service expenditure from province to county, highlight the balanced function of special transfer payment for education, and bear the burden on specific compulsory education financial expenditure items "province-oriented".
【作者单位】：南京大学教育研究院;河海大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目“‘省直管县’财政改革与农村义务教育财政体制调适研究”(CFA110120)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G522.3

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