我国农村义务教育经费政府供给研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 19:24

本文选题：农村义务教育 + 政府供给　；参考：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村义务教育属于公共产品,政府对于义务教育这个公共产品的提供,主要体现在农村义务教育经费的供给上。政府在农村义务教育的供给上存在着一系列的问题,诸如政府失灵、效率低下,不能提供充足的、有效的农村义务教育。市场和第三部门也是农村义务教育供给的主体,但市场和第三部门的弱点和缺陷不能使之承担农村义务教育的主要供给主体,只能充当农村义务教育供给方式的补充角色。农村义务教育经费的供给在世界各国主要都是由国家财政承担,政府是农村义务教育最主要的供给者。作为现代国民教育的根基,义务教育的实施关系到国民素质的提高,关系到社会文明的进步。农村义务教育是义务教育的一部分,现阶段我国农村义务教育经费的政府供给存在着诸多问题,首先是农村义务教育的有效性和充足性问题,长期以来农村义务教育经费的供给缺乏充足性,农村义务教育经费比较短缺,造成农村义务教育发展的滞后,阻碍了农村社会经济的发展。农村义务教育经费供给的有效性主要是指农村义务教育经费的使用效率和取得的效果,农村义务教育经费使用的有效性主要取决于三个方面。一是教育经费保障制度是否规范,是否存在制度上的缺陷导致教育经费被挤占或挪用；二是教育经费使用所带来的效果,能否合理配置资源,能否提高农村义务教育的质量；教育经费使用的有效性第三个方面取决于政府对于农村义务教育的态度,政府对农村义务教育的态度影响着政府对农村义务教育经费的投入。国家应该向全体公民提供免费、平等、统一的义务教育,以保证每一个公民不论政治地位、经济状况、所处地域环境有何差异都能享受到公平、免费的义务教育。义务教育自从引入到我国以后,走了一条有差异、不均等的道路。由于城乡二元结构、地区发展不平衡、教育经费投入结构不合理等因素的影响,长期以来义务教育城乡差异悬殊,不同地区的农村义务教育发展水平差距拉大,教育经费在高等教育、中等教育、义务教育尤其是农村义务教育的投入结构不合理。我国农村义务教育经费供给在较长时间内“以县、乡为主”,县、乡两级政府成为农村义务教育经费的主要供给者,由于县、乡两级政府财政能力的限制,农村义务教育经费充足性不能得到有效的保证。为了改变这一状况,国家实行农村义务教育经费保障新机制,即按照“明确各级责任、中央地方共担、加大财政投入、提高保障水平、分步组织实施”的原则承担农村义务教育经费的供给。本文选取四个具有代表性的国家,通过比较研究的方法,希望能够为我国农村义务教育经费政府供给提供经验借鉴和启示。最后,文章在分析我国农村义务教育经费供给存在问题的基础上,提出我国农村义务教育经费供给的对策,从制度的角度考虑如何完善农村义务教育经费政府供给方式。
[Abstract]:Rural compulsory education belongs to public goods , and the government is mainly embodied in the supply of compulsory education . The government has a series of problems in the supply of compulsory education in rural areas , such as government failure , low efficiency , unable to provide adequate and effective rural compulsory education .

As the basis of the modern national education , the implementation of compulsory education is related to the improvement of the national quality and the progress of the social civilization . The rural compulsory education is a part of compulsory education . At the present stage , there are many problems in the supply of compulsory education in rural areas .
Second , it is the result of the use of education funds , whether the resources can be reasonably allocated and the quality of compulsory education in rural areas can be improved ;
The third aspect of the effectiveness of the educational appropriations depends on the attitude of the government to the compulsory education in rural areas . The attitude of the government to the rural compulsory education affects the government ' s investment in the rural compulsory education .

The State should provide free , equal and uniform compulsory education to all citizens , so as to ensure that every citizen enjoys fair and free compulsory education regardless of political status , economic situation and geographical environment . Since the introduction of compulsory education into our country , the gap between rural compulsory education and rural compulsory education in different areas is widening . The educational funds are unreasonable in higher education , secondary education , compulsory education , especially in rural compulsory education .

In order to change the situation , the state implements the new mechanism of rural compulsory education funds to guarantee the new mechanism of rural compulsory education funds . In order to change this situation , the state implements the new mechanism of rural compulsory education funds , that is , the provision of compulsory education funds in rural areas is carried out in accordance with the principle of clarifying the responsibilities of all levels , sharing the burden of the central place , increasing the financial input , and improving the level of guarantee .

Based on the analysis of the problem of the supply of rural compulsory education funds in China , this paper puts forward the countermeasures to supply the rural compulsory education funds in our country . From the angle of the system , we should consider how to improve the government supply way of rural compulsory education .
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G522.3

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