知识产权效应与经济增长的机制研究—跨越“中等收入陷阱”的新启示

发布时间：2018-01-01 00:00

本文关键词：知识产权效应与经济增长的机制研究—跨越“中等收入陷阱”的新启示　出处：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代市场经济体系里,知识产权保护已经成为一国经济增长的重要动力。拉美等地区的新兴市场国家在经济发展初期,通过弱知识产权保护的手段获得技术溢出为其经济增长带来显著动力。然而,随着技术水平的逐渐发展,基于劳动力优势与模仿创新所能实现的经济增长逐渐递减。而且长期以来的弱知识产权保护导致其自主创新能力相对缺乏,因此新兴市场国家便不可避免陷入"中等收入陷阱"。而东亚地区等国家则无一例外地通过知识产权制度保护自主创新、从而迈过"中等收入陷阱",实现经济的持续增长。显然,从拉美与东亚的经验可知,"中等收入陷阱"问题实质上是经济增长的阶段性动力缺失问题。因此,本文尝试从Woo等(2015)的知识产权效应入手,研究知识产权效应对经济增长的影响,并为经济增长找到新动力,从而为跨越中等收入陷阱提供一定的启示。本文试图回答以下三个方面的问题:1、知识产权保护对中等收入国家的自主创新与经济增长带来何种影响?2、知识产权保护对高收入国家的自主创新与经济增长又带来哪方面的影响?3、是否中等收入国家(或高收入国家)提高自主创新水平后,便能获得持续的经济增长?第二章里,我们首先对关于研究"中等收入陷阱"的理论文献进行评述,并总结出关于跨越"中等收入陷阱"的不同研究视角。接着,我们对研究自主创新、知识产权保护以及经济增长三者关系的理论文献进行梳理与综述。第三章里,本文将自主创新与知识产权保护制度结合起来,并分析其对不同发展阶段下的经济体经济增长的影响。为此,在第三章里我们以拉美与东亚地区的部分经济体作为陷入"中等收入陷阱"以及迈过"中等收入陷阱"的代表,并采用GP指数、ECI指数与人均国际元来分别衡量知识产权保护水平、创新水平与人均收入,通过构造数据图的方式总结两地区创新水平、知识产权保护与经济增长的发展过程,并得出:发展较早的拉美地区,过去一个世纪的经济增长虽然保持向上增长,但是由于缓慢的增速导致其难以达到高收入阶段。而东亚地区的经济体则通过40年左右的赶超增长超越拉美地区,并达到高收入国家阶段;另外,两地区的知识产权保护水平总体都呈上升趋势,但是东亚地区的上升速度更加匀速;最后,拉美地区的创新水平始终处于停滞状态,而东亚地区的创新水平则呈"U"型发展趋势。但是,通过图示趋势分析我们无法得知两地区的知识产权保护对自主创新与经济增长的相关性影响。在基于Woo等(2015)关于知识产权效应的理论研究下,第四章我们以 Branstetter 等(2007)和 Gustafsson 和 Segerstrom(2010)的模型为基础,重新构建一个南北贸易均衡模型,来研究两地区知识产权保护的制度效应与创新效应。通过模型分析我们发现:1、高收入地区的制度效应较弱,创新效应较强;2、中等收入地区的制度效应较强,创新效应较弱;3、中等收入地区里知识产权保护与创新水平呈非线性关系,而高收入地区里两者的关系则为正但边际递减。为对第四章的命题进行检验,在第五章里我们收集部分国家的面板数据进行实证分析并发现:首先,中等收入国家拥有较为显著知识产权制度效应,但是知识产权创新效应较弱;其次,中等收入地区的创新水平与经济增长之间具有较弱但显著的正相关关系;而高收入国家的知识产权制度效应对经济增长并无产生显著影响;最后,中等收入地区的知识产权保护水平与创新水平之间存在显著的非线性关系。而高收入地区里两者为显著的正相关线性关系。同样在第五章里,我们首先将知识产权保护系数重新分为立法强度、司法强度与执法强度。然后,我们将三个强度指标采用加权平均的方法测算成知识产权保护总指标,并用其来衡量中国知识产权保护强度。基于本文的研究结论,第六章提出系统性的政策建议:一、保障我国知识产权保护水平的适度发展,致力构建松弛有度的知识产权保护制度;二、合理促进我国自主创新水平的提高,对待经济结构转型时切忌操之过急,以至于错失最佳的转型时机;三、正确对待促进经济增长的其他相关因素,确保各相关因素的增长保持在合理水平;四、加大力度构建健全的区域或产业微观数据库,力争为精确测算我国区域或产业的知识产权保护水平打下良好基础。
[Abstract]:In the modern market economy, the protection of intellectual property has become an important driving force for a country's economic growth. Latin American emerging market countries in the early stage of economic development, the weak protection of intellectual property rights means to obtain technology spillovers bring significant impetus for economic growth. However, with the gradual development of the technical level, labor advantage and imitation innovation can be realized based on economic growth and long-term decline gradually. Since the weak protection of intellectual property rights lead to the relative lack of the capability of independent innovation, so that emerging market countries will inevitably fall into the "middle income trap". And the East Asian countries are without exception by the intellectual property rights protection system of independent innovation, which crossed the "middle-income trap" and achieve the steady growth of the economy. Obviously, the experience from Latin America and East Asia, "middle income trap" is the essence of economic growth The stage of lack of power. Therefore, this article attempts from the Woo (2015) of the effect of intellectual property rights, intellectual property research of effect on economic growth, and to find a new impetus to economic growth, thus providing enlightenment to cross the middle-income trap. This paper attempts to answer the following three questions: 1. The protection of intellectual property rights of middle-income countries, independent innovation and economic growth and what impact? 2, the protection of intellectual property rights of independent innovation and economic growth in the high-income countries and the impact of what? 3, whether the middle-income countries (or high-income countries) to improve the level of independent innovation, will be able to obtain the sustained economic growth? The second chapter, we first review the literature on the research of the "middle income trap", and summarizes the different perspectives on across the "middle-income trap". Then, we study on the self The main innovation, the theoretical literature of intellectual property protection and economic growth, the relationship between the three review and review. The third chapter, the independent innovation and intellectual property protection system combined, and analyzes its influence on the different stages of development of the economy. Therefore, representatives in the third chapter we are taking part in economy Latin America and East Asia as a "middle-income trap" and crossed the "middle income trap", and the GP index, ECI index and per capita yuan respectively to measure the level of international protection of intellectual property rights, innovation level and average income, sum up the innovation level of two area by constructing data map, development process, intellectual property the protection and economic growth and that the early development of the Latin American region, over a century of economic growth while maintaining the upward growth, but due to the slow growth caused by the hard to reach High income stage. While the economies of East Asia through catch-up growth beyond the region about 40 years, and reached the stage of high income countries; in addition, the two areas of intellectual property protection level of the overall trend is rising, but the rising speed of East Asia is more uniform; the level of innovation, the Latin American region has always been in stagnation state, and the level of innovation in East Asia was "U" type development trend. However, by the trend analysis, we do not know the two areas of intellectual property protection effect on the relationship between independent innovation and economic growth. Based on Woo (2015) theoretical research on intellectual property effect, the fourth chapter we use Branstetter etc. (2007) and Gustafsson and Segerstrom (2010) model as the foundation, to build a North South trade equilibrium model, system effect and innovation effect to the protection of intellectual property rights of two regions Through the analysis of the model. We found that: 1, weak institutional effects of higher income areas, strong innovation effect; 2, the effect of the system of middle-income areas is strong, innovation effect is weak; 3, middle-income regions in the protection of intellectual property rights and innovation level of non-linear relationship, and the relationship between the high-income regions is positive but the fourth chapter is on the marginal decline. The proposition was tested in the fifth chapter, we collected the panel data of some countries and the empirical analysis found that: firstly, middle-income countries have a more significant effect of the intellectual property system, but the effect of innovation of intellectual property rights is weak; secondly, between the level of innovation and economic growth in middle-income areas is weak but a significant positive correlation; and the intellectual property system effect in high income countries have a significant impact on economic growth is not; finally, water protection of intellectual property rights of middle-income areas There is a non-linear relationship between level and innovation level. While high income areas in both positive correlation significantly linear relationship. Similarly, in the fifth chapter, we will first intellectual property protection coefficient into legislative judicial law enforcement strength, strength and strength. Then, we will have three strength index using weighted average method to calculate the protection of intellectual property rights into the total index, which is used to measure the strength of intellectual property protection China. Based on the conclusions of this paper, put forward the policies and suggestions of sixth chapters: in Chapter one, the development of China's security appropriate level of protection of intellectual property rights, is committed to building a loose system of intellectual property protection degree; two, promoting the rational of our own to raise the level of innovation, towards the transformation of economic structure to avoid missing the best time to act with undue haste, transformation; three, correctly treat other related factors to promote economic growth, to ensure The growth of all relevant factors is kept at a reasonable level. Four, we should intensify efforts to build a sound regional or industrial micro database, and strive to lay a good foundation for accurately measuring the level of intellectual property protection in China's regional or industrial sectors.

【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F204;F124.1

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