我国财产保险发展影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-20 11:44

本文选题：财产保险 + 恩格尔系数　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险作为风险管理的一种方法,在国民经济的健康发展中发挥着不可替代的作用。我国自恢复国内保险业以来,财产保险经历了多年的粗放式高速发展。但近两年财产保险的发展出现了放慢的迹象,为此,本文以实证分析方法从以下几个部分讨论了影响我国财产保险发展的因素。第一部分,导论主要介绍了研究背景和意义、文献综述、思路和方法、创新与不足。简单介绍了财产保险发展的情况,指出最近两年财产保险发展放缓。通过大量的外文和国内文献研究可以知道：风险意识和保险观念、国内生产总值、人均可支配收入、收入差距、受教育程度和教育经费支出等是影响财产保险发展的主要因素。但风险意识和保险观念不可测,而受教育程度和教育经费支出对风险意识和保险观念的影响并不明确。而后介绍了研究思路和方法,即通过规范分析和实证分析相结合,整体和局部的关系来进行研究。可能的创新为采用复合的经济指标来解释经济发展水平；利用恩格尔系数的特性来研究生活水平对财产保险的影响；采用宏观和微观的影响因素结合来研究问题所在。第二部分主要介绍了财产保险的基础理论。现代财产保险起源于海上保险,按标的不同可以分为责任保险、信用保证保险和财产损失保险。财产保险具有保险标的的多样性、可保风险的多样性、保险利益的特殊性、保险金额的可估价性、短期性和补偿性质。第三部分主要介绍了我国财产保险发展的概况。从1980至今,我国财产保险取得了傲人的成绩,财产保险保费收入快速增长,保险人才大幅增多,保险公司不断增加,相关法律不断完善,保险市场体系日趋成熟。但财产保险的几大险种发展并不平衡,机动车辆保险一枝独秀。近年财产保险发展速度有所放缓,保险公司经营管理不善,恶性竞争,营销代理制度损害了保险名誉,金融市场不发达,保险公司资金运用效率底下,保险密度和保险深度远低于世界平均水平。第四部分介绍了财产保险影响因素的理论。选取影响财产保险发展的因素主要有经济发展水平、人均可支配收入、恩格尔系数、民用汽车拥有量、固定资产投资。经济发展水平是财产保险发展的主要动力这点已经经过许多学者的论证。根据马斯洛需求理论,人只有满足生理需求之后才有安全需求。保险属于安全需求的范畴。人均可支配收入提高可以使居民更加摆脱生理需求的水平,从而增加其他耐用品消费。有了耐用消费品就会有保险需求,因此是影响财产保险发展重要因素。恩格尔系数也从另一个角度解释了居民的消费水平,可以更加完善对经济发展水平的理解；还可以消除横向比较带来的价格水平等指数的干扰。民用汽车拥有量和固定资产投资的变量选取是为了研究机动车辆保险和其他险种的发展不平衡。第五部分为各影响因素的实证分析。本文数据均来自于国家统计局网站或由计算得出。采用2007-2012年全国31个省市的面板数据来进行回归分析。首先要检验数据的平稳性,在stata12运用ADF法得出数据均是平稳的。然后分析采用固定效应模型还是随机效应模型,分别计算了其拟合度和分析结果。用豪斯曼检验后得出应该用随机效应模型。得出回归方程：LNCCBXit=0.3008511*+LNGDPit+0.2918855*LNDPIit-0.2764127*LNENit+0.0909195*LNGUit+0.5770757*LNQIit-5.34787; 结论为我国经济的快速发展是财产保险发展的重要动力；居民人均可支配收入的提高同样对财产保险具有重要影响,针对国富民穷这一特色,可以在国民生产总值不变的情况下,提高居民人均可支配收入,进而提高财产保险需求；恩格尔系数也印证了推理,各地区恩格尔系数差别大,有很大的降低空间；民用汽车拥有量对财产保险也具有相当的作用,而固定资产投资则影响较小,二者共同说明了我国财产保险各险种发展不均衡的事实。第六部分为财产保险发展提供了建议。保证我国财产保险的健康发展,可以从两个方面来努力。宏观方面,要保持经济快速发展,推动产业升级与转型,切实提高居民可支配收入,提高居民消费能力,降低收入分配差距,提高社会公平程度。微观方面可从提高国民风险与保险的正确认识度,改善保险形象,保险公司要提高自身经营效率和管理水平,加强保险产品创新来努力。
[Abstract]:As a method of risk management, insurance plays an irreplaceable role in the healthy development of the national economy. Since China has recovered its domestic insurance industry, property insurance has undergone extensive and rapid development for many years. However, the development of property insurance has shown signs of slowing down in the last two years. The factors that affect the development of property insurance in China are discussed.
In the first part, the introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of the research, literature review, ideas and methods, innovation and deficiency. It briefly introduces the development of property insurance and points out the slowdown in the development of property insurance in the last two years. Through a large number of foreign and domestic literature, we can know that risk awareness and insurance concept, gross domestic product, per capita The main factors that affect the development of property insurance are disposable income, income gap, education level and educational expenditure. However, the risk awareness and insurance concept are not measurable, but the influence of education and education expenditure on risk awareness and insurance concept is not clear. Then the research ideas and methods are introduced, that is, through the standard points. Analysis is combined with empirical analysis, and the relationship between the whole and the local is studied. The possible innovation is to use complex economic indicators to explain the level of economic development; use the characteristics of Engel coefficient to study the impact of living standards on property insurance; the combination of macro and micro factors to study the problem.
The second part mainly introduces the basic theory of property insurance. Modern property insurance originates from marine insurance, which can be divided into liability insurance, credit guarantee insurance and property loss insurance. Property insurance has the diversity of the insurance mark, the diversity of the insurable risk, the particularity of the insurance interest, the valuability of the insurance amount, and the short of the insurance. The nature of the period and compensation.
The third part mainly introduces the general situation of the development of property insurance in China. From 1980 to the present, China's property insurance has achieved the achievements of the proud people, the rapid growth of the property insurance premium income, the increase of insurance talents, the increasing insurance companies, the continuous improvement of the related laws and the maturity of the insurance market system. In recent years, the development speed of property insurance has slowed down, the management of insurance companies is not good, the management of insurance companies is bad, the marketing agency system has damaged the reputation of insurance, the financial market is underdeveloped, the efficiency of the insurance company's capital utilization, the insurance density and the insurance depth are far below the world average.
The fourth part introduces the theory of the influencing factors of property insurance. The main factors affecting the development of property insurance are economic development level, per capita disposable income, Engel coefficient, civil car ownership, fixed asset investment. The economic development level is the main motive force of property insurance development. This has been proved by many scholars. According to Maslow's demand theory, people only have security needs after meeting physical needs. Insurance is a category of safety needs. Per capita disposable income can make residents more free from the level of physiological needs, thus increasing the consumption of other durable goods. The durable consumer goods will have insurance demand and thus affect the development of property insurance. An important factor. The Engel coefficient also explains the consumption level of the residents from another point of view, and can improve the understanding of the level of economic development; it also eliminates the interference of the price level, such as the horizontal comparison. The variables of the ownership of the civilian car and the investment in the fixed assets are selected to study the motor vehicle insurance and the other The development of the insurance is unbalanced.
The fifth part is an empirical analysis of the influencing factors. The data are derived from the National Bureau of Statistics website or calculated by the calculation. Using panel data of 31 provinces and cities of 2007-2012 years to carry out regression analysis. First, the stability of data is tested, and the ADF method is used in stata12 to conclude that the data are smooth. Then the fixed effect model is analyzed. The model of random effect and the model of random effect are calculated. The model of random effect should be used by Houseman test. The regression equation: LNCCBXit=0.3008511*+LNGDPit+0.2918855*LNDPIit-0.2764127*LNENit+0.0909195*LNGUit+0.5770757*LNQIit-5.34787;
The conclusion is that the rapid development of China's economy is an important driving force for the development of property insurance, and the improvement of the per capita disposable income has an important influence on property insurance. In the light of the characteristics of the rich and the people, the income of the residents can be increased and the demand for property insurance can be improved in the case of the country's wealth and the people's poor. The gill coefficient also confirms the reasoning. The Engel coefficient varies greatly in each region, and there is a great reduction in space; the ownership of the civilian car has a considerable effect on the property insurance, while the investment in fixed assets is less affected. The two parties show the fact that the development of various kinds of insurance insurance in China's property insurance is unevenly developed.
The sixth part provides suggestions for the development of property insurance. To ensure the healthy development of property insurance in China, we can work hard from two aspects. In the macro aspect, we should maintain the rapid economic development, promote industrial upgrading and transformation, improve the disposable income of the residents, improve the energy of the residents, reduce the income distribution gap and improve the social fairness. On the microcosmic aspect, we can improve the correct understanding of the national risk and insurance and improve the insurance image. The insurance company should improve its management efficiency and management level, and strengthen the innovation of insurance products.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.65

【参考文献】