英国产业低碳竞争力分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 19:41

本文选题：英国 + 低碳　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球低碳化浪潮已经使低碳成为世界的关注点,尤其是对于中国来说,低碳的转型迫在眉睫。近几年,中国雾霾天气的频发,让国内不少学者将目光放在几十年前的“雾都”——伦敦。英国是最早进行工业革命的国家,也是最早接触污染并对其进行有效治理的国家之一,加之最先提出“低碳经济”的理念,因此英国成为本文研究的对象,通过对于传统产业的低碳竞争力分析,从英国做法中得到对我国有益的做法和借鉴。英国低碳观念深入人心,绿色出行已经成为英国社会的一种时尚生活方式,很大程度上是由于英国政府对于既要提高经济实力也要保障碳排放量的双重目标,因此,英国严谨的低碳发展战略成为世界各国学习的主要对象。英国低碳政策的制定与战略的部署能力远超于世界其他国家,政府每年投资大量资金进行低碳技术创新与研发,投资低碳设施服务,为本国低碳的发展提供全面支持。文章从四个主要方面分析英国产业的低碳竞争力:低碳产品的竞争力、碳排放情况、低碳技术创新能力和政府作用力。英国通过制定排放目标和税收杠杆来限制碳排放,使得每年二氧化碳排放量低于世界其他发达国家;英国政府进行大量投资,鼓励企业和学术界共同研发先进低碳技术,由于英国是全球金融系统最完善的国家之一,因此通过成立世界第一个低碳投资银行,利用金融手段发展低碳;低碳理念已经在英国国内得到普及;由于消费者越来越倾向低碳产品,英国为了满足消费者需求,提供更好的低碳服务,开展碳标签和碳足迹活动,使得弥补消费者对于产品生命周期碳信息的缺失,从而完善国内的消费市场;近几年,英国不断完善相应环保部门,设置涵盖多个领域的比较完善的环保系统来对低碳有关的问题进行监督和指导。最后通过英国多年发展的经验教训,为中国的低碳发展提供借鉴经验,鼓励中国在低碳发展的道路上,要进行自我规划,加强技术创新与政策引导,形成战略方针,用法律手段进行约束本国的温室气体排放,从根本上治理中国的雾霾等污染情况。低碳能力将会是衡量一国竞争力的重要因素,因此考察低碳竞争力是具有实际意义的。低碳转型既是生产方式、生活方式和价值观念的改变,也是国家和世界的根本性革命,当今世界已经不再是能源滥用、随意浪费的粗放式发展时代,如何提高低碳竞争力成为发达国家首要考虑的因素,加之人们生活理念的转变,不再只求温饱,追求健康绿色的生活方式已经成为消费者的首选,因此,实现低碳发展保护环境对扩大市场领域,提高国际竞争力有着重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The global low-carbon wave has made low-carbon the focus of the world, especially for China, a low-carbon transition is imminent. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of smog weather in China has caused many domestic scholars to focus on London, the city of smog decades ago. Britain is the first country to carry on the industrial revolution, is also one of the earliest countries to contact the pollution and to carry on the effective treatment to it, in addition to the idea of "low carbon economy" put forward first, so Britain becomes the research object of this article. By analyzing the low-carbon competitiveness of traditional industries, we can get beneficial practices and lessons from British practices. The concept of low carbon in Britain is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Green travel has become a fashion lifestyle in British society, largely due to the British government's dual goal of raising economic strength and safeguarding carbon emissions, so, Britain's rigorous low-carbon development strategy has become the main object of study around the world. The British low carbon policy formulation and strategy deployment ability is far more than the other countries in the world, the government spends a lot of money on low-carbon technology innovation and R & D every year, investment in low-carbon facilities services, to provide comprehensive support for the development of low carbon in the country. This paper analyzes the low carbon competitiveness of British industry from four main aspects: the competitiveness of low-carbon products, the situation of carbon emissions, the ability of low-carbon technology innovation and the government force. The UK limits carbon emissions by setting emissions targets and tax levers, making annual carbon emissions lower than those of other developed countries in the world. The British government has invested heavily to encourage companies and academics to work together to develop advanced low-carbon technologies. As Britain is one of the most perfect countries in the global financial system, the concept of low-carbon investment has been popularized in the United Kingdom through the establishment of the world's first low-carbon investment bank and the use of financial means to develop low-carbon investment. As consumers increasingly favor low-carbon products, the UK has made up for the lack of consumer carbon information on the life cycle of products in order to meet consumer demand and provide better low-carbon services, as well as carbon labelling and carbon footprint campaigns. In recent years, the UK has continuously improved the corresponding environmental protection departments, and set up a relatively perfect environmental protection system covering many fields to supervise and guide low-carbon issues. Finally, through the experience and lessons of British development for many years, to provide reference experience for China's low-carbon development, to encourage China to carry out self-planning, strengthen technological innovation and policy guidance, and form strategic guidelines on the road of low-carbon development. To control China's smog and other pollution by legal means. Low carbon capacity will be an important factor to measure a country's competitiveness, so it is of practical significance to study low carbon competitiveness. Low-carbon transformation is not only a change in production mode, lifestyle and values, but also a fundamental revolution in the country and the world. Today's world is no longer an era of extensive development of energy abuse and arbitrary waste. How to improve low-carbon competitiveness has become the primary consideration of the developed countries, coupled with the transformation of people's concept of life, no longer just for food and clothing, the pursuit of a healthy and green lifestyle has become the first choice for consumers, therefore, The realization of low-carbon development and environmental protection plays an important role in expanding market areas and improving international competitiveness.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F156.1

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