甘肃平凉地区苹果种植技术和产业发展

发布时间：2018-06-18 02:56

本文选题：甘肃平凉 + 苹果　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国苹果产业发展比较迅速,面积和产量均世界领先,但单产、品质、人均占有量和发达国家相比差距仍然存在,为了探索部分先进种植技术对苹果生长的影响,本文选取了我国甘肃平凉典型的苹果种植区为探究对象,通过研究气候、覆草、果园改造和营养注射对苹果生长、品质和产量的影响,分析了不同种植技术对苹果产业发展的推进作用,同时对平凉苹果产业的发展提出了未来规划。主要结论如下:1)苹果生长与气候条件密切相关。3~8月份温度对苹果产量的影响均为负效应,且6月份影响最大,8~来年2月为正效应;1月下旬~7月中旬,降雨对苹果产量的影响为正效应,7月以后为负效应;光照对苹果产量的影响作用较小。2)覆草技术能增加苹果产量,促进树体和果实生长,且随着覆草年份的增加,果树生长、果实生长和品质、产量均有较大幅度的提高。连续三年覆草的果园产量和品质增幅均达到最大,产量增幅达40%以上。果园覆草后的生长、品质和产量指标之间随覆草年份的增加均表现出正相关关系。3)间伐一年后的果实品质未有显著变化,但对果树和果实生长有显著提升作用,间伐两年后的果实生长和品质均有显著提升;但一年和两年间伐后产量相比间伐前分别降低了12.6%和1.5%;间伐三年后的苹果产量又迅速增加了33.8%。4)营养液注射三年后的果树红果率、着色度、果形指数和商品率分别比未注射果树增加了30.9%、26.2%、9.6%和35.6%。产量也相比未注射前产量有所提高,且第二年后产量已经达到较高水平。5)在扩大苹果种植面积、提高苹果质量的同时,管理模式、栽培措施及果品销售要有新突破。预实现到2020年,平凉地区果品适宜区达到种植全覆盖,建立起适宜当前苹果发展的果园标准化管理、生产资料供给、技术服务、害虫控制、灾害预防预警及果品销售等体系。
[Abstract]:In China, the apple industry is developing rapidly, both the area and the output are all leading in the world, but the difference of the single yield, quality, per capita share and the developed country still exists. In order to explore the influence of some advanced planting technology on the growth of apple, this paper selects the typical Apple planting area in Pingliang, Gansu, China as the research object, by studying the climate and overlaying the grass The effects of orchard transformation and nutrition injection on the growth, quality and yield of apple were analyzed, and the effects of different planting techniques on the development of apple industry were analyzed, and the future planning for the development of apple industry in Pingliang was proposed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the influence of the temperature of apple growth and climate conditions on the apple yield is all for.3~8. Negative effect, and the biggest influence in June, 8~ coming February is positive effect; in the middle of the second ten day of January, the effect of rainfall on apple yield is positive effect, after July is negative effect, and the effect of light on apple yield is less.2). Grass covering technology can increase apple yield, promote the growth of tree and fruit, and fruit trees grow with the increase of grass cover year. The growth and quality of the fruit increased greatly. The growth of the yield and quality of the orchard in the three years of succession reached the maximum, the yield increased by more than 40%. The growth of the orchard, the quality and the yield index showed a positive correlation with the increase of the annual grass cover. The quality of the fruit was not significantly changed after a year of thinning. However, the fruit growth and fruit growth were significantly enhanced by the thinning two years after thinning, but the yield was reduced by 12.6% and 1.5% before thinning in one year and two years, and the yield of Apple was increased by 33.8%.4 after three years of thinning. The fruit tree red fruit rate, coloring degree and fruit shape after three years of injection were given. The index and commodity rate were increased by 30.9%, 26.2%, 9.6% and 35.6%., respectively, compared with the uninjected production, and the output reached a higher level of.5 after second years. At the same time, the management model, the cultivation measures and the sale of the fruit should be breakthrough at the same time, while the apple planting area and the quality of the apple were increased. In, the suitable area of fruit in Pingliang area reached full coverage, and established the system for the standardization management of the orchard, the supply of production data, the technology service, the pest control, the disaster prevention and early warning and the fruit sale.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S661.1

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