产业聚集对中国制造业碳排放效率影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 10:50

【摘要】：本文主要研究产业聚集对中国制造业碳排放效率的影响。文章首先对产业聚集和碳排放效率的相关文献进行了较为系统地分析与述评;其次,对产业聚集与制造业碳排放效率的相关性进行了经验观察;此外,对产业聚集影响制造业碳排放效率的内在机理进行了论述;最后,在理论分析的基础上,对产业聚集影响制造业碳排放效率进行了实证研究。本文的研究目的在于揭示产业聚集影响中国制造业碳排放效率的内在机理,为实现中国各地区及各细分行业绿色发展,降低碳排放,高速发展经济提供理论支持和政策建议。理论分析表明,产业聚集主要通过以下4个方面促进碳排放效率提高:(1)产业聚集能够带来知识外溢,新知识、新技术和新方法容易在聚集区内生成并扩散,这样可以提高聚集区内企业的碳排放效率;(2)产业聚集能够带来一些共享的基础设施,这样通过减少重复使用和建造基础设施降低能源消耗,减少碳排放量,还可以节约企业使用和建造设施的成本,从而提高聚集区内企业的碳排放效率。比如,这些基础设施可以包括能源供应设施以及环保基础设施;(3)产业聚集能够带来人力资本水平的提升,提升聚集区内劳动力的操作水平,节约劳动力成本,从而提高聚集区内企业的碳排放效率。首先,制造业聚集区可以将全国范围的大量劳动力吸引过来。其次,制造业聚集区可以将全国乃至全世界的大量高技术水平的人才专家吸引过来。最后,制造业聚集区可以节约劳动力成本,使节约下来的资本用于研发投入,开发应用绿色节能环保技术等;(4)产业聚集能够带来强大的竞争压力,聚集区内激烈的竞争将会督促企业技术创新,加大对节能环保技术的开发与应用,从而提高聚集区内企业的碳排放效率。产业聚集对中国制造业碳排放效率的影响及其地区差异研究显示,当变量如对外开放、产权结构和环境规制等被控制以后,发现产业聚集可以显著促进地区制造业碳排放效率提高;分地区比较分析表明,产业聚集对碳排放效率的影响存在明显的地区差异:东部地区产业聚集对碳排放效率的促进作用大于东北部和中西部地区。由于目前中国东部地区的产业聚集水平和碳排放效率相比东北部和中西部地区高出许多,可以推导出中国地区间的碳排放效率的差距会进一步被拉大。产业聚集对中国制造业碳排放效率的影响及其行业差异研究显示,当变量如对外开放、产权结构和环境规制等被控制以后,发现行业聚集显著促进制造业碳排放效率提高;分类行业比较分析表明,产业聚集对碳排放效率的影响存在明显的行业差异:高效率行业聚集对碳排放效率的促进作用大于低效率行业。由于目前中国制造业高效率行业聚集水平和碳排放效率水平相比低效率行业高出许多,可以推导出中国制造业分类行业间碳排放效率的差距会进一步被拉大。基于上述研究结论,本文提出了实现中国制造业碳排放效率提升的两种途径:一是从地区的角度,具体措施包括:(1)积极培育地区制造业集群式发展;(2)积极制定东部地区产业转移政策;(3)做大做强东北部及中西部地区的支柱产业;(4)鼓励各地区制造业积极参与出口、发展非国有经济和加大环境规制力度。二是从行业的角度,具体措施包括:(1)积极培育行业制造业集群式发展;(2)积极制定低效率行业资金技术支持政策;(3)鼓励行业积极出口、国有经济转型并加大环境规制力度。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency of China's manufacturing industry. Firstly, the paper systematically analyzes and reviews the relevant literature on industrial agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency; secondly, it makes empirical observation on the correlation between industrial agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry; moreover, it makes an empirical observation on the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper makes an empirical study on the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry. The theoretical analysis shows that industrial agglomeration can promote carbon emission efficiency through the following four aspects: (1) industrial agglomeration can bring knowledge spillover, new knowledge, new technology and new methods are easy to generate and spread in the agglomeration area, which can improve the enterprises in the agglomeration area. Carbon efficiency; (2) Industrial agglomeration can lead to shared infrastructure that reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions by reducing reuse and building infrastructure, as well as cost savings in the use and construction of facilities, thereby improving the carbon efficiency of enterprises in agglomeration areas. For example, these infrastructure may include Energy supply facilities and environmental infrastructure; (3) industrial agglomeration can bring about the improvement of human capital level, enhance the level of labor operation in the agglomeration area, save labor costs, thereby improving the efficiency of carbon emissions of enterprises in the agglomeration area. Manufacturing agglomeration zones can attract a large number of high-tech talents and experts from all over the country and even the world. Finally, manufacturing agglomeration zones can save labor costs, so that the saved capital can be used for R&D investment, development and application of green energy-saving and environmental protection technology, etc. (4) industrial agglomeration can bring strong competitive pressures, agglomeration zone fierce. Intense competition will urge enterprises to innovate in technology and increase the development and application of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies so as to improve the carbon emission efficiency of enterprises in the agglomeration area. Industrial agglomeration can significantly improve the carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing industry in different regions. The comparative analysis shows that there are obvious regional differences in the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency. Concentration level and carbon emission efficiency are much higher than those in Northeast China and Midwest China. It can be deduced that the gap between China's regions will be further widened. It is found that industrial agglomeration significantly promotes the improvement of carbon emission efficiency in manufacturing industry. The comparative analysis of different industries shows that there are obvious differences in the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency. Compared with the level of carbon emission efficiency, the inefficient industries are much higher. It can be deduced that the gap of carbon emission efficiency between different industries in China's manufacturing industry will be further widened. Foster regional manufacturing cluster development; (2) actively formulate industrial transfer policies in the eastern region; (3) enlarge and strengthen the pillar industries in the northeast and central and Western regions; (4) encourage regional manufacturing industry to actively participate in exports, develop non-state-owned economy and strengthen environmental regulation. Industry manufacturing industry cluster development; (2) actively formulate low-efficiency industry capital and technical support policies; (3) encourage the industry to actively export, state-owned economic transformation and increase environmental regulation.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X322;F424

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