中国小微金融演进机理与效率研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:40

本文关键词： 小微金融演进机理效率实证金融抑制金融深化　出处：《江西财经大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在过去的较长一段时期,通常认为小微金融是为低收入或赤贫农村居民发放小额贷款的行为,尤其在经济欠发达国家更是如此。在后续的发展过程中,尤以经济发达国家为代表,小微金融包括为中小微企业和城乡社区居民提供系列金融服务,于是小微金融的服务对象有了很大的拓展。尽管如此,理论界还是主要关注小微金融的传统焦点——弱势群体所得到的贷款数量和惠及的人口或中小微企业的数量,以及小微金融机构的风险状况,而对宏观层面上的小微金融演进机理则少有关注。区别于上述研究关注方向,本文着重于以宏观的角度对中国小微金融演进过程及其演进机理进行研究,并且对小微金融的效率进行实证。本文观点认为,中国小微金融存在明显的阶段演进轨迹,主要可划分为三个阶段,即政府主导下农信社主体经营阶段、银行业机构全面竞争的阶段、最新趋势的互联网金融掀起阶段,每个阶段都有其实质的演进机理。其中在金融抑制的制度背景下产生政府主导的农信社主体经营的模式,金融深化的制度背景下演进为银行业全面参与小微金融竞争的格局,金融深化的延续演进为在正规金融体系之外催生了互联网金融体系的崛起,因此,小微金融的演进进程体现了我国金融制度变迁和金融深化的过程。本文的主要贡献和创新在于：(1)对小微金融演进过程的划分的创新性。本文从宏观的角度研究我国小微金融的演进过程,把小微金融演进界定分为三个阶段,并以经典理论即金融抑制与金融深化理论为工具解释我国小微金融的演进机理,这是本文的特色创新之处。(2)对小微金融概念界定的创新性。本文界定的小微金融并不是专指小微金融机构和对农村居民发放小额贷款的活动,因此对此前的小微金融概念进行了拓展,把小微金融界定为包括对农村和城镇居民小额贷款、涉及小额贷款的所有正规金融机构和非正规金融、小微金融工具以及中小微企业融于一体的综合化组织运行机体,这也是本文的创新之一。本文提出了几个原创观点：一是小微金融应主要转变为市场化运作,不应该夹入扶贫金融的成分,已有的实践证明,扶贫金融最终都不具有可持续性；二是国有商业银行等大型银行应适当退出小微金融,把大部分小微金融业务让渡给小型银行和小额贷款公司以及非正规金融,以大银行——大企业,小银行——小微企业的定位对称关系开展经营活动。三是以大力发展独立法人的社区银行作为我国未来小微金融机构的主导力量,这是由社区银行在小微金融的优势特征而决定,社区银行在解决其与社区居民和小微企业的信息不对称问题上具有独特的优势。(3)对小微金融研究领域的创新性。已有文献对小微金融效率研究甚少,本文从供给方的效率(金融机构和非正规金融机构的经营效益)、需求方的效率(中小微企业和个体工商户以及城乡社区居民的经营效益)以及社会效益三个角度对小微金融效率问题进行了考察和实证分析。
[Abstract]:In the past a long period of time, usually think that micro finance is a small loans for rural residents with low income or poor behavior, especially in the underdeveloped countries is even more so. In the process of development of the economy, especially in developed countries as the representative, including small and micro finance for small and micro enterprises and urban and rural residents provide a series of financial services, and small micro financial service has been greatly expanded. In spite of this, the number of the number of loans and benefit theory and mainly focus on small and micro finance, the traditional focus on vulnerable groups of the population or in Small and micro businesses, small and micro financial institutions risk status of small micro finance evolution mechanism on the macro level are less concerned. Different from the research direction, this paper focuses on the macro perspective to micro finance Chinese evolution process and evolution mechanism in research The efficiency and the small micro financial empirical. This view, Chinese micro finance stage evolution obviously, mainly can be divided into three stages, namely the government under the leadership of the rural credit cooperatives main operation stage, comprehensive competition of the banking organization stage, stage of Internet financial set off the latest trend. Each stage has its essence. The evolution mechanism of the government leading rural credit cooperatives main operating mode in the system background of financial repression under the institutional background of financial deepening evolution for the banking industry to fully participate in the small and micro financial competition pattern, the continuation of evolution of financial deepening in addition to the formal financial system led to the rise. The Internet financial system so that the small micro financial evolution reflects our financial system changes and financial deepening process. The main contribution and innovation of this paper lies in: (1) the small and micro financial evolution The innovation process of the division. This paper studies evolution of China's small and micro finance from a macro point of view, the small and micro financial evolution definition is divided into three stages, and with the classic theory of financial repression and financial deepening theory as a tool to explain the evolution mechanism of China's small and micro finance, this is the characteristic of this innovation. (2) the innovation of small and micro financial concepts. This paper defines the small and micro finance does not specifically refer to small and micro financial institutions and activities of rural residents of small loans, so the small micro finance concept is extended to small and micro finance to include small loans to the rural and urban residents and all the formal financial institutions involved in microfinance and non formal finance, operation body integrated organization of small and micro financial instruments as well as small and micro enterprises into one, which is one of the innovations of this paper. This paper puts forward some original Views: one is the small micro finance should be transformed into the operation of the market, should not with poor financial components, has been proved that the poor financial ultimately not sustainable; the two is the state-owned commercial banks and other large banks should withdraw from the appropriate small micro finance, the transfer of most of the small and micro finance business to small banks and small loan companies and non formal finance, with big bank, large enterprises, small banks -- positioning symmetric relation Small and micro businesses to carry out business activities. The three is to vigorously develop the independent legal community banks as the dominant force in our country in the future of small and micro financial institutions, which is composed of community banks in the small and micro financial characteristics and advantages decided that the community bank has unique advantages in resolving the community residents and Small and micro businesses information asymmetry problem. (3) the innovation of small and micro finance research field. The existing literature on small and micro The research on the financial efficiency is very little, the efficiency of the supply side (financial institutions and non formal financial institutions operating efficiency, demand side (efficiency) of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households and communities for urban and rural residents benefit) and social benefit three aspects analyzed and empirical research on the small and micro financial efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

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