徐州传统民居建筑装饰与空间的度量关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 09:19

  本文选题：建筑装饰 + 度量关系　； 参考：《江南大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：徐州是一座有2500多年历史的文化名城,拥有深厚的汉文化底蕴。由于地处南北交界,加上社会文化、经济及战争因素,其地面遗存的少量的传统民居及建筑装饰具有多元融合的形式特征,并蕴含了丰富的文化信息。本文基于对徐州市25座传统院落,240余栋单体建筑的实地测绘与拍摄,结合历史文献与访谈资料的基础之上,运用几何学、建筑学、形态学与文化学等相关理论,采用分类与定量研究法,对建筑装饰与空间的度量关系进行重点研究,论证它们之间存在一种相互制约、相互促进的耦合关系。首先,本文基于传统建筑装饰的特性,对徐州传统民居建筑装饰产生的背景进行了简要梳理,对其形式进行了论证,提出了其装饰纹样的特点——以图像为主,其它纹样为辅,具有饱满式构图,图案化手法及古朴浑厚工艺的特点。而且,通过与周边传统民居建筑装饰的横向对比研究,提出了徐州传统民居建筑装饰的造型源泉——源于传统文化元素,源于南北风格融合及源于徽晋传统统民居建筑装饰风格。接着,本文重点从宏观、中观与微观三个层面进行论证:从宏观上,论证建筑外部空间——院落空间与建筑装饰之间存在耦合关系。通过对三类院落的入口、前院及内院分布的建筑装饰的种类与数量分析,提出了不同院落的建筑装饰的布局规律——官邸式院落具有丰富而庄严的入口、屋顶与立面形式丰富的前院、装饰少但等级明显的内院空间;居住式院落具有简洁而严肃的入口、立面形式丰富的前院、装饰少且缺乏差异的内院空间;商居式院落具有注重精神尺度的入口、立面形式简洁与丰富并存的前院、缺乏装饰的内院空间。从而体现了院落的场所特性对建筑装饰的布局具有限定作用;而且,通过对独立性装饰构件的体量分析,论证了其与所处环境形成了正比关系。从而论证了院落空间对建筑装饰存在耦合关系。在中观上,论证内部空间与建筑装饰之间存在耦合关系。徐州传统民居的堂屋与多数客厅采用金字梁结构,其内部空间狭小,建筑装饰布局与家具摆设与徽州及江南传统民居的厅堂的相似度高。堂屋突出“敬祖奉天”的功能,而客厅强调“接人待物”的功能。而且,通过细致的数据分析,以论证内部空间与建筑装饰及家具之间存在限定关系。由于金字梁结构独特,有异于其它地区传统民居的梁架结构。通过数据分析,文中论证了梁架与建筑的平立面之间存在一定的耦合关系。从微观上,论证建筑立面与建筑装饰存在耦合关系。通过分类研究,各建筑立面上的建筑装饰为对称式布局,并形成了以“点”为主和以“面”为主的立面效果。其中,官邸式建筑立面的建筑装饰形成以“点”为主的效果,一般性建筑立面的建筑装饰形成以“面”为主的效果。而且,立面上的众多建筑装饰并非随意布置,而是以黄金分割矩形、矩形以及等腰三角形为构图法则,并统一于整体立面之中。通过数据定量分析,论证了位于立面上的建筑装饰的尺寸受建造与立面构图所限定,并在官方相关规定范围内有小幅调整。整体上,论文系统地分析了徐州传统民居建筑装饰的形式特征,以及与空间的度量关系,从而论证了徐州传统民居建筑装饰与建筑空间之间存在耦合关系。本研究有助于形成系统的徐州传统建筑装饰的理论知识,更有助于丰富徐州传统文化的“基因库”。
[Abstract]:Xuzhou is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2500 years. It has a profound cultural background. Due to the north south junction, social culture, economic and war factors, a small amount of traditional residential and architectural decoration on the ground has multiple forms of integration and contains rich cultural information. This article is based on the 25 seats in the city of Xuzhou. On the basis of historical literature and interview data, the traditional courtyards and more than 240 single buildings have applied geometry, architecture, morphology and culture to study the relationship between architectural decoration and space, and demonstrate that there is a kind of mutual system between them. First, based on the characteristics of traditional architectural decoration, this paper briefly combs the background of the traditional residential building decoration in Xuzhou, demonstrates its form, and puts forward the characteristics of its decorative pattern, which is based on images and other patterns, with full composition, patterning and simplicity. In addition, through the comparative study of the traditional folk house decoration in the surrounding area, this paper puts forward the fountainhead of the architectural decoration of the traditional folk house in Xuzhou, which originates from the traditional cultural elements, deriving from the combination of the north and the South styles and the traditional folk house decoration style originated from the Huizhou Jin Dynasty. Then, the focus of this paper is from the macro, meso and microcosmic three. From the macroscopic point of view, it demonstrates the coupling relationship between the exterior space of the building - the courtyard space and the architectural decoration. Through the analysis of the types and quantity of the architectural decoration of the three types of courtyards, the front yard and the inner courtyard, the layout law of the architectural decoration of the different courtyards is put forward - the courtyard style courtyard is rich and solemn The entrance, the rich front yard of the roof and the facade, the less decorated but distinct inner courtyard space; the residential courtyard has a concise and serious entrance, a rich front yard with a rich facade, less decoration and a lack of discrepant inner courtyard space; the commercial courtyard has an entrance to the mental scale, a concise and rich front yard with a rich facade form. The interior space of the decoration reflects the limited function of the courtyard's place characteristics to the layout of the architectural decoration; moreover, through the analysis of the body quantity of the independent decorative components, it demonstrates that it has formed a proportional relationship with the environment. Thus, the paper demonstrates the coupling relationship between the courtyard space and the architectural decoration. There is a coupling relationship between architecture and decoration. The house and most living rooms of the traditional residence of Xuzhou are structure of the golden beam. The interior space is small. The layout of the building and the furniture decoration are similar to the hall of the traditional dwellings in Huizhou and the south of the Yangtze River. The house highlights the function of "the ancestor and the heaven", while the living room emphasizes the function of "taking over the things to be the object". In addition, through detailed data analysis, it is demonstrated that there is a limited relationship between the interior space and the architectural decoration and furniture. Because of the unique structure of the golden word beam, there is a beam frame structure different from the traditional folk house in other areas. Through data analysis, the paper demonstrates that there is a certain coupling relationship between the beam frame and the flat facade of the building. There is a coupling relationship between the facade and the architectural decoration. Through the classification study, the architectural decoration on the building facades is symmetrical and formed a facade effect based on "point" and "surface". Among them, the architectural decoration of the official residence type building facade forms the effect of "point", and the building decoration of the general building facade is formed. In addition to the effect of "face", many architectural ornaments on the facade are not arranged at random, but with the principle of the golden rectangle, the rectangle and the isosceles triangle as the composition rule, and unified in the whole elevation. On the whole, the paper systematically analyzes the formal features of the architectural decoration of the traditional residential buildings in Xuzhou and the measurement relationship with the space, thus demonstrating the coupling relationship between the architectural decoration and the building space of the traditional folk houses in Xuzhou. This research helps to form a system of the traditional architectural decoration of Xuzhou. Theoretical knowledge is conducive to enriching the "gene pool" of Xuzhou's traditional culture.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5
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本文编号：2052357