武汉市养老设施空间布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:55

本文选题：养老设施 + 区位配置模型　；参考：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,老年人口日益增多,老龄化趋向逐渐加速,老龄化成为我国在21世纪面对的主要矛盾之一。随着老龄化趋势逐渐加快,家庭照料资源日益减少,养老需求日益增加,养老设施的作用突显,养老服务建设受到社会各界的高度关注。武汉市1993年步入老龄化社会,近二十年,老年人口增长快速,一方面,为老龄人口服务的各类设施配套不足的问题日益凸显,加剧了原本严峻的养老形势；另一方面,各乡镇街道的养老设施资源分配不均,导致乡镇街道养老设施空间可达性不均等化。鉴于此,文章从养老设施可达性角度出发,以资源配置的效率与公平为目标,将区位配置模型与二次规划方法相结合,对武汉市养老设施进行空间配置和优化。主要研究内容包括：养老设施空间布局现状分析；养老设施空间可达性测算；养老设施空间布局优化分析。文章以提出问题——分析问题——解决问题——总结提升的逻辑循序渐进。文章依据人口老龄化迅速发展的背景,提出已有的养老设施具有分布不平衡等问题；以公共设施相关理论研究为基础,分析养老设施空间布局现状,并通过设施可达性的测算直观展现出来；然后从地理学的区位视角着手,综合考虑资源的效率与公平,探求养老服务设施空间配置与布局的方法,优化养老设施空间布局,并提出养老服务设施优化布局的建议和对策,从而实现养老服务设施空间布局的均衡与合理；最后对文章的结论与不足进行综合整理,并对以后的研究给予展望。研究结果表明：武汉市可达性分布不均,各乡镇街道之间存在较大差距；可达性东南地区最大,从市中心及东南地区向四周逐渐减小；在经过区位配置和二次规划之后,距市中心较远距离的养老设施的床位数明显增加。从整体空间布局来看,二环线以内,即武汉市旧城区的养老设施以减小为主；而养老设施床位数增加的主要分布在武汉市二环线以外；乡镇街道的可达性不均等化减小,可达性得分的离散程度、标准差明显减小,可达性均等化显著提高。文章将区位配置模型与二次规划方法相联系,将线性规划与非线性规划相结合,通过武汉市养老设施空间优化布局对设施优化配置方法的有效性进行了验证,丰富了设施空间布局研究的新视角、新思路和新手段。文章直观展现出武汉市各地区之间养老设施空间可达性的不同,有效判别武汉市各乡镇街道养老机构的稀缺状况,重新规划调整养老设施床位数量,最大限度减小可达性不均等化,为养老设施空间配置、优化布局提供科学依据和政策性建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the aging population is increasing day by day, and the aging trend is accelerating gradually. The aging has become one of the main contradictions in the 21st century. With the gradual acceleration of the aging trend, the family care resources are decreasing day by day, the demand for the aged is increasing day by day, the function of the old-age facilities is prominent, and the construction of the old-age service has been highly concerned by all walks of life. Wuhan stepped into an aging society in 1993. In the past two decades, the elderly population has grown rapidly. On the one hand, the problem of inadequate facilities for the elderly has become increasingly prominent, which has aggravated the grim situation of the aged; on the other hand, The uneven distribution of endowment facilities in township streets leads to unequal spatial accessibility of pension facilities in township streets. In view of this, this paper aims at the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation from the point of view of accessibility of old-age facilities, and combines the location allocation model with the secondary planning method to optimize the spatial allocation and optimization of the facilities for the aged in Wuhan. The main research contents include: the analysis of the present situation of the spatial layout of the old-age facilities; the calculation of the spatial accessibility of the old-age facilities; the optimization analysis of the spatial layout of the old-age facilities. In this paper, the logic of raising a question-analyzing a problem-solving a problem-summarizing the promotion is presented step by step. Based on the background of the rapid development of aging population, the paper points out that the existing pension facilities have unbalanced distribution, and analyzes the present situation of the spatial distribution of pension facilities on the basis of the relevant theoretical research on public facilities. And then from the geographical location perspective, considering the efficiency and fairness of resources, explore the method of spatial allocation and layout of old-age service facilities, optimize the spatial layout of old-age facilities, and then from the geographical perspective of location, comprehensive consideration of the efficiency and fairness of the resources, explore the method of spatial allocation and layout of old-age service facilities. It also puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to optimize the layout of old-age service facilities, so as to realize the balance and rationality of the spatial layout of old-age service facilities. Finally, the conclusions and shortcomings of the article are comprehensively sorted out, and the future research is prospected. The results show that: the distribution of accessibility in Wuhan is uneven, and there is a big gap between the streets of villages and towns; the southeast of accessibility is the largest, gradually decreasing from the city center and the southeast to the surrounding areas; after the location allocation and secondary planning, The number of beds in old-age facilities far away from the city center has increased significantly. From the overall spatial layout, within the second ring line, that is, the old-age facilities in the old urban areas of Wuhan are mainly reduced, while the increase in the number of pension facilities is mainly distributed outside the second ring line of Wuhan, and the unequal accessibility of township streets is reduced. The degree of dispersion and the standard deviation of the reachability score are obviously reduced and the reachability equalization is improved significantly. In this paper, the location allocation model is combined with the quadratic programming method, and the linear programming and nonlinear programming are combined to verify the effectiveness of the optimal allocation of facilities through the spatial optimization of facilities in Wuhan. It enriches the new visual angle, new thought and new means of the research of facility spatial layout. The article directly shows the difference of the spatial accessibility of the old-age facilities among different areas in Wuhan, effectively discriminates the scarcity of the old-age care institutions in the towns and villages of Wuhan, and replans and adjusts the number of the bedspace for the old-age facilities. It can minimize the unequal accessibility and provide scientific basis and policy advice for the spatial allocation of pension facilities and the optimization of the layout.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU246.2;TU984.14

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