钢框架混合试验系统研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 14:38

【摘要】：结构系统的地震评估方法一般有两种：试验方法和数值模型方法。试验方法最能真实地反应结构在地震作用下的响应,然而试验往往受到试验设备能力和基金问题的限制；数值模型常限制于解决特定类型问题,且大部分情况下并不能捕捉到复杂的力学行为或失效模式。随之发展的混合试验技术在一定程度上解决了上面的问题,混合试验将整体结构分为数值子结构和试验子结构,这种试验技术吸引人的地方在于对不同部分采用不同模型来完整表示整个结构系统。因此,混合试验提供了一种有效并且经济的方法来进行地震作用评估。试验方法的改进往往对试验设备性能提出更高的要求。交流伺服系统相对于液压伺服系统,具有生产周期短、生产效率高、精度高、体积小和性能高等优点。交流伺服电机能以较低的成本获得极高的位置控制。本文的主要任务即以伺服电机为基础,搭建一套完整的电动式疲劳机系统,并在此基础上初步完成混合试验研究。本文的研究工作包括：(1)搭建了一套电动式疲劳机系统,从电动式疲劳机系统硬件和系统软件两大方面对其进行分析、研究和设计。一套完整的电动式疲劳机试验系统包括控制器、作动器和传感器等部分。本文研究设计的电动式疲劳试验机控制器选用的是STM32F103芯片,作动器为伺服电机,并通过转换装置将伺服电机转动变为平动,传感器主要是力传感器。本文中研制的电动式疲劳机具有体积小,精度高,方便操作等突出优点。(2)采用MATLAB软件编写了一套上位机软件程序。上位机软件程序包括混合试验中数值计算和计算机与电动式疲劳机系统的数据通信,数值计算包括数值子结构模型建立和数值积分算法,计算机与试验硬件系统的数据通信主要是实现发送位移指令和接收传感器采集的力数据。上位机软件采用MATLAB编写主要是由于MATLAB软件相对其他软件具有以下几方面优点MATLAB易于与实验室现有硬件设备连接,MATLAB的instrument工具箱保证了其与硬件设备的连接,且连接方式简单稳定；高效的数值计算及符号计算功能,开发者能轻松应对各种复杂的数学运算分析,节省大量时间；完备的图形处理功能,开发者能实现计算结果和编程的可视化,对编程过程和结果处理更加直观。(3)采用串口通信方式实现了上位机软件MATLAB与下位机单片机之间的数据通信,为了使发送的位移指令和接收的力传感器数据各自独立,互不干扰,采用两个不同串口分别发送位移指令和接收传感器采集的数据。(4)在已搭建成的电动式疲劳机基础上完成了带弹簧支撑的两层钢框架在三种不同荷载工况下的混合试验,验证了整套系统的可行性和适用性。本文的创新之处在以伺服电机为基础搭建起一套电动式疲劳机系统,并在此基础上完成了带弹簧支撑的两层钢框架混合试验。
[Abstract]:There are generally two methods for seismic evaluation of structural systems: experimental method and numerical model method. The test method can reflect the response of the structure under earthquake action most truthfully, however, the test is often limited by the ability of the test equipment and the fund problem. Numerical models are often limited to solving specific types of problems and in most cases cannot capture complex mechanical behaviors or failure modes. With the development of hybrid test technology, the above problems are solved to a certain extent. The mixed test divides the whole structure into numerical substructure and experimental substructure. The attraction of this experimental technique is that different models are used for different parts to represent the whole structural system. Therefore, the mixed test provides an effective and economical method for seismic assessment. The improvement of test methods often requires higher performance of test equipment. Compared with hydraulic servo system, AC servo system has the advantages of short production period, high production efficiency, high precision, small volume and high performance. Ac servo motor can obtain very high position control at low cost. The main task of this paper is to build a complete electric fatigue machine system based on servo motor, and on the basis of this, the mixed test research is preliminarily completed. The research work of this paper includes: (1) A set of electric fatigue machine system is set up, and it is analyzed, researched and designed from two aspects: hardware and software of electric fatigue machine system. A complete test system of electric fatigue machine includes controller, actuator and sensor. The controller of the electric fatigue testing machine is designed in this paper. The controller is STM32F103 chip, the actuator is servo motor, and the servo motor is rotated into translational motion by conversion device. The sensor is mainly force sensor. The electric fatigue machine developed in this paper has the advantages of small volume, high precision and convenient operation. (2) A set of upper computer software program is compiled with MATLAB software. The upper computer software program includes the numerical calculation in the mixed test and the data communication between the computer and the electric fatigue machine system. The numerical calculation includes the establishment of the numerical substructure model and the numerical integration algorithm. The data communication between the computer and the hardware system is mainly to transmit the displacement instruction and receive the force data collected by the sensor. The main reason why the upper computer software is written by MATLAB is that MATLAB software has the following advantages over other software: MATLAB is easy to connect with the existing hardware equipment in the laboratory, and the instrument toolbox of MATLAB ensures its connection with the hardware equipment. And the connection mode is simple and stable; Efficient numerical and symbolic computing functions, developers can easily deal with all kinds of complex mathematical analysis, save a lot of time; Complete graphics processing, developers can achieve the results of calculation and programming visualization, The programming process and the result processing are more intuitionistic. (3) the data communication between the upper computer software MATLAB and the lower computer single chip computer is realized by serial port communication. In order to make the displacement instructions sent and the force sensor data received independent, Do not interfere with each other, Two different serial ports are used to send displacement instructions and receive the data collected by the sensor. (4) the mixed test of the two-story steel frame with spring support under three different load conditions is completed on the basis of the built electric fatigue machine. The feasibility and applicability of the whole system are verified. The innovation of this paper is to build a set of electric fatigue machine system based on servo motor, and on this basis, complete the mixed test of two-layer steel frame with spring support.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU391

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