城乡公共基础设施非均等问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:19

本文选题：城乡　切入点：公共基础设施　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,政府提出要实现城乡基本公共服务的均等化,基础设施作为基本公共服务重要的一项内容值得研究。国家公共基础设施建设情况标志着物质水平的发展程度,基础设施能够促进经济增长并改善生活条件。改革开放以来,城市公共基础设施建设逐渐完善,而农村公共基础设施仍处于落后状态。本文通过分析城乡公共基础设施差距的情况,在总结公共基础设施建设已取得成就的基础上希望通过加强农村基础设施建设,实现公共基础设施在城乡之间均等发展的目标。首先,对公共基础设施在城乡间均等发展的研究成果进行归纳,说明了城乡的数据统计范围和本文中基础设施的概念,确定了以功利主义思想作为城乡公共基础设施均等化的目标,在此基础上分析了城乡公共基础设施的均等化的内涵和衡量指标,并介绍了本文涉及到的公共产品理论、城乡二元结构理论和城乡一体化理论。其次,总结了我国城乡公共基础设施建设已取得的成就,并分析了目前我国城乡公共基础设施非均等的情况,得出我国城乡公共基础设施仍存在较大差距的结论。然后,分析了城乡公共基础设施差距造成的影响。包括拉大工农业人均产出差距、拉大城乡生活水平差距、减少农民工资收入和拉大社会性基础设施差距,并用一元线性回归分析法说明了农村基础设施投资与农民收入、消费支出的高度正相关性。接着,分析了造成城乡公共基础设施差距的原因,包括重城市轻农村的政府政策,财政管理制度改革不到位以及公共基础设施投资、建造效率维护力度方面的原因。最后,总结了城乡公共基础设施均等化的目标,提出坚持以人为本、普惠性、持续性、优先性、差异性的基本原则,提出在财政、经济、法律和税收方面应该实行的政策,并详细说明了实现城乡公共基础设施均等化在基础设施投资、建造效率和维护力度方面的具体对策。本文的创新之处：用统计数据分析了城乡公共基础设施的非均等现状,利用一元线性回归分析法说明了农村公共基础设施投资与农民人均纯收入的高度正相关性,以及农村公共基础设施投资与农民消费支出的高度正相关性,总结了实现城乡公共基础设施均等化的具体对策,应坚持以人为本、优先性、普惠性、持续性和差异性的原则,提出财政、经济、法律、税收方面的对策以实现我国城乡公共基础设施的均等化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the government put forward to realize the equalization of urban and rural basic public services, infrastructure as an important content of basic public services is worth studying.The construction of national public infrastructure indicates the development of material level, which can promote economic growth and improve living conditions.Since the reform and opening up, the construction of urban public infrastructure has been gradually improved, while the rural public infrastructure is still in a backward state.Based on the analysis of the gap between urban and rural public infrastructure, this paper hopes to realize the goal of equal development of public infrastructure between urban and rural areas by strengthening rural infrastructure construction on the basis of summarizing the achievements of public infrastructure construction.First of all, the paper summarizes the research results of the equal development of public infrastructure between urban and rural areas, and explains the statistical scope of urban and rural data and the concept of infrastructure in this paper.This paper determines the goal of equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure based on utilitarianism, analyzes the connotation and measurement index of equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure, and introduces the theory of public goods involved in this paper.Urban and rural dual structure theory and urban and rural integration theory.Secondly, this paper summarizes the achievements in the construction of urban and rural public infrastructure in China, and analyzes the unequal situation of urban and rural public infrastructure, and draws the conclusion that there is still a big gap between urban and rural public infrastructure in China.Then, it analyzes the impact caused by the gap between urban and rural public infrastructure.It includes enlarging the per capita output gap between industry and agriculture, widening the gap of living standard between urban and rural areas, reducing the wage income of farmers and enlarging the gap of social infrastructure. The paper explains the relationship between rural infrastructure investment and farmers' income by the method of univariate linear regression analysis.Consumer spending is highly positive.Then, the paper analyzes the reasons for the gap between urban and rural public infrastructure, including the government policy of emphasizing cities over rural areas, the inadequate reform of financial management system, the investment of public infrastructure and the maintenance of construction efficiency.Finally, the paper summarizes the goal of equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure, puts forward the basic principles of people-oriented, inclusiveness, sustainability, priority and difference, and puts forward the policies that should be implemented in the aspects of finance, economy, law and taxation.It also explains in detail the countermeasures to realize the equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure in infrastructure investment, construction efficiency and maintenance.The innovations of this paper are as follows: using statistical data to analyze the status quo of urban and rural public infrastructure inequality, and using the univariate linear regression analysis to illustrate the highly positive correlation between rural public infrastructure investment and the per capita net income of farmers.As well as the high positive correlation between rural public infrastructure investment and farmers' consumption expenditure, this paper summarizes the concrete countermeasures to realize the equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure, and should adhere to the principles of people-oriented, priority, inclusiveness, sustainability and difference.In order to realize the equalization of urban and rural public infrastructure, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of finance, economy, law and tax.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630;F299.24

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