过度竞争的形成机理及其规治对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 01:32

本文选题：过度竞争　切入点：形成机理　出处：《上海海事大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来随着我国经济从短缺经济转变为过剩经济，我国现实经济生活中出现了大量“过度竞争”的事例，同时经济刊物和新闻媒体上也频频出现“过度竞争”的提法，在“过度竞争”的市场结构下，整个行业中，出现企业大面积亏损，企业经营困难，但难以从该行业中退出，在这种情况下，社会资源得不到有效的配置，造成社会资源的浪费。但是在经典的经济学教科书中，根本就没有提到什么是过度竞争。所以研究“过度竞争”，搞清楚“过度竞争”的运行机理，对提高我国企业的经济效益和整体经济的健康发展具有重要的意义。本文研究的目的就是搞清楚过度竞争的运行机理，进而提出预防和治理过度竞争的对策。笔者认为过度竞争是这样一种状态或者说均衡，对于以利润最大化为目标的厂商来说，由于产业内产品的过度供给，，这种产业内产品的过度供给一般来自于产业的过度进入和厂商的策略性行为，造成产业中企业的激烈竞争，当行业中大多数企业长期在平均总成本以下平均可变成本以上进行生产的时候，就是过度竞争，这种状态是一种均衡，或者说是一种僵局。本文把过度竞争分为两种类型，分别是过度进入过度竞争和厂商的策略性行为引起的过度竞争，前者是指由于厂商过度进入某一产业而引起的过度竞争；后者是指由于企业的策略性行为引起的过度竞争。对于过度进入过度竞争，本文采用修正后的不可进入库诺特模型来确定产业内厂商最优数目，然后根据信息不充分的假定，采用修正后的可进入库诺特模型来说明产业内厂商过度进入的形成过程，进而采用修正后的无产量限制的伯特兰模型来说明过度进入过度竞争的运行机理。对于厂商策略性行为引起的过度竞争，由于厂商的策略性行为种类比较多，本文主要研究追求规模经济和广告策略带来的过度竞争，本文研究了产业内厂商个体理性的实现规模经济和广告策略，带来的产业整体的产品供给过剩和广告过剩，进而在产品同质和退出壁垒高的情况下，出现的过度竞争现象。对于过度竞争的预防和治理，笔者通过以上分析认为，单凭政府和厂商中的某一方是不可能解决的，需要两方的共同努力。从政府方面来说，首先要优化进入壁垒；其次要降低退出壁垒，健全和进一步发展资本市场，同时要实行产业调整援助政策，为企业从过度竞争产业顺利退出创造条件。从厂商方面来说，要着眼于长远，避免上海海运学院硕士论文过度竞争的形成机理及其规治对策研究短视行为;厂商要慎入新的行业，在进入新的行业以前作好调研等策略。本文所做的主要工作是，运用产业经济学的有关理论，研究了产业过度进入的形成过程，以及由此带来的过度竞争现象;研究了产业内厂商个体理性的实现规模经济和广告策略，带来的产业整体的产品供给过剩和广告过剩，进而在产品同质和退出壁垒高的情况下，出现的过度竞争现象。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with China's economy from a shortage economy to surplus economy, the emergence of a large number of "excessive competition" cases in our real economic life, and economic publications and news media frequently appear "excessive competition" was in the "over competition market structure", the entire industry in large enterprise the area loss, business difficulties, but it is difficult to withdraw from the industry, in this case, the social resources can not be effectively configured, resulting in a waste of social resources. But in the classical economics textbooks, there is no mention of what is excessive competition. So the study of "excessive competition", make clear "operation mechanism excessive competition", has an important significance to improve the healthy development of China's economy and the overall economic efficiency of enterprises. The purpose of this study is to find out the operation machine of excessive competition, and Measures to prevent and control excessive competition.
The author thinks that the excessive competition is such a state or equilibrium, for profit maximizing firms, due to excessive supply of industrial products, strategy of excess supply of this industrial products within the industry generally from excessive entry and manufacturers, resulting in intense competition of enterprises in the industry, when most enterprises in the industry for a long time in the production of above average total cost is below average variable cost, excessive competition, this is a state of equilibrium, or a deadlock. The excessive competition is divided into two types, which are caused by excessive competition strategy behavior of excessive entry of excessive competition and firm, the former is refers to the excessive competition caused by excessive to enter an industry; the latter refers to the excessive competition caused by the strategic behavior of enterprises. For the excessive entry of Du Jing In this fight, with a revised Cournot model may not enter to determine the optimal number of firms in the industry, and then according to the information that is not sufficient, the use of the modified into the storage model to explain the formation process of Knott excessive entry inside the industry, and the yield limit modified Bertrand model to illustrate the operation of excessive entry the mechanism of excessive competition caused by excessive competition. For strategic behavior, due to the type of strategic behavior of firms is more, this paper mainly studies the pursuit of excessive competition brought about scale economy and advertising strategies, this paper studies the realization of scale economy and advertising strategy rational industry manufacturers individual, bring the whole industry oversupply and products advertising and product homogeneity in excess, and high exit barrier under the condition of excessive competition phenomenon. For the prevention and treatment of excessive competition The author, through the above analysis, by governments and companies in one side may be impossible to solve, need the joint efforts of the two party. From the government, the first thing is to optimize the entry barriers; secondly to reduce exit barriers, improve and further development of the capital market, at the same time to implement the industry adjustment assistance policy create conditions for enterprises to exit smoothly from excessive competition industry. From the manufacturers, we must focus on long-term, avoid
Study on the formation mechanism of excessive competition of master's thesis of Shanghai Shipping College and Its Regulation Countermeasures
Short-sighted behavior; manufacturers should be cautious in the new industry, before entering the new industry to do research and other strategies.
The main work of this article is to use the theory of industrial economics to study the excessive entry of industry.
The process of formation, as well as the resulting excessive competition, studies the scale of individual rationality in the industry.
The economic and advertising strategies bring the oversupply of products and the surplus of advertising in the industry as a whole, and then in the same quality and the quality of the products.
In the case of high barriers to exit, the phenomenon of excessive competition appears.

【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.9

【引证文献】