产业—职业结构演变的比较研究：美国、日本、德国和中国

发布时间：2018-03-10 07:53

本文选题：产业-就业结构　切入点：职业结构　出处：《浙江大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国外的学者们从17世纪就开始了对国家经济增长和国民收入的关注,从经验上的解释到理论上的全面探讨大致经历了两个世纪。直到资本主义社会经济走出大萧条,社会分工的细化和国际贸易的加速发展,经济学家才将关注点聚焦到更加微观的经济因素分析上,从产业结构、就业结构转变到研究职业结构,以及产业结构与职业结构的关系。产业结构和职业结构在以往的理论框架下出现新的模式:以美国为代表的“服务型经济”和日本、德国为典型的“工业生产型”经济。伴随着信息化的发展和全球经济的一体化,在分析美国、日本和德国的就业结构、职业结构演变规律的基础上重点探讨中国改革开放以来的结构模式。我国的就业结构演变起点低,从上个世纪90年代开始进入了快速转型时期,就业结构和产业结构呈现非一致性演变趋势。第一产业就业比重一直在50%以上,第二产业产值构成的支配性地位与其就业构成的稳定也形成鲜明对照。本文借鉴了Singelmann(1978)构建的著名服务业就业类型,应用到中国的统计范畴中,得出以下观点:四类服务业中社会服务业和个人服务业的比重变化最大,在绝对数量的变化上分配服务业和个人服务业变化幅度最明显,从而服务业举足轻重的地位主要缘于个人服务业就业的增加。分配服务业就业占据着服务业就业的多数,也是构成比例最为稳定的一类。生产服务业不到1%的比值表明技术要求越高的行业对就业的贡献越小。我国职业结构性变化相对稳定,农林牧渔劳动者和商业服务业工作者变动最明显,改革开放的近20年间,受教育程度成为影响职业结构变动的主要后致性因素。
[Abstract]:In 17th century, foreign scholars began to pay attention to the national economic growth and national income, from the empirical explanation to the theoretical comprehensive discussion, which lasted for about two centuries, until the capitalist social economy emerged from the Great Depression. With the refinement of the social division of labor and the accelerated development of international trade, economists have focused their attention on the analysis of more micro economic factors, changing from industrial structure and employment structure to studying professional structure. And the relationship between the industrial structure and the occupational structure. Under the previous theoretical framework, the industrial structure and the occupational structure have emerged new models: the "service economy", represented by the United States, and Japan, Germany is a typical "industrial production" economy. With the development of information technology and the integration of the global economy, the employment structure of the United States, Japan and Germany is analyzed. On the basis of the evolution law of career structure, this paper focuses on the structural model of China since the reform and opening up. The starting point of the evolution of employment structure in China is low. Since -10s, China has entered a period of rapid transformation, and the employment structure and industrial structure have shown a trend of inconsistent evolution. The proportion of employment in the primary industry has been above 50%. The dominant position of the composition of the output value of the secondary industry is also in sharp contrast to the stability of the composition of employment. This paper draws lessons from the famous employment type of service industry constructed by Singelmann (1978) and applies it to the statistical category of China. The following points are drawn: among the four types of service industries, the proportion of social services and personal services has changed the most, and the distribution services and personal services have the most obvious changes in the absolute number of changes. As a result, the decisive position of the service industry is mainly due to the increase in employment in the personal service industry. The distribution of employment in the service industry accounts for the majority of the employment in the service industry. The ratio of production and service industries less than 1% indicates that industries with higher technical requirements contribute less to employment. The structural changes in our country's occupation are relatively stable. The changes of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery workers and commercial service workers were the most obvious. In the recent 20 years of reform and opening up, the education level became the main post-cause factor affecting the change of the occupational structure.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.9;F241

【引证文献】