大气扩散模型与环境经济损失评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 08:55

本文选题：大气扩散模型　切入点：海陆风环流　出处：《大连理工大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 人类社会的发展和经济的增长需要能源的支撑。但是大量的能源消费造成了严重的环境污染,制约了社会经济的发展和生活福利的提高。环境经济损失评价在能源政策与环境管理中起着重要的作用,而大气扩散模型是连接能源消费排放与经济损失评价的关键纽带,是实现空气质量预测及经济损失预测的必要手段。论文主要包括以下五部分内容,一是对二维海陆风环流模型耦合随机行走模型进行了研究,二是对二维街谷扩散模型进行了研究,三是对三维街谷扩散模型、三维小区建筑规划模型和大连区域三维海陆风环流模型进行了研究,四是对基于大气扩散模型的环境损失评价模型进行了研究,五是在能源经济模型预测未来能源需求的基础上,对大连环境经济损失进行了预测研究,这五部分的研究是一个统一的整体,本研究对未来能源政策和环境政策的制定具有重要的指导意义。 (1)建立二维准静力海陆风环流数值模型,模拟大连区域压力场、速度场、温度场和湍流场；基于大连区域风场、温度场、湍流场,建立了点源污染物(PM10)随机行走模型,分析计算了PM10在海陆风环流下的浓度分布。通过与高斯模型模拟结果对比得出本文建立的模型计算精度较高。 (2)以机动车尾气为污染源,建立了CO二维街谷扩散模型,分析计算了CO在街谷中扩散的流场和浓度场,并讨论了三种湍流模型的计算精度。结果表明,改进的RNG湍流模型的模拟精度较高。基于该模型,计算了五种街谷宽高比、三种建筑物相对高度比共十五种建筑布局下污染物(CO)的扩散浓度,对比不同建筑物布局内污染物的扩散浓度和对污染物的滞留能力,分析影响不同布局街谷内污染物浓度的影响因素,提出改善建筑物布局和减少街谷内污染物浓度的具体措施。 (3)考虑街谷壁面和空气存在温差影响时,建立非等温二维街谷扩散模型,模拟了街谷内污染物的流场和浓度场,通过风洞实验验证了模型的正确性。进而应用模型考察了不同壁面、六种不同温度差和不同来流风速对街谷流场和浓度场的影响,分析了导致街谷内流场和浓度场变化的机理,提出了改善街谷空气质量、降低热岛影响及建筑物耗能的具体措施,为科学合理规划建筑物布局提供了理论和技术支撑。 (4)在以上二维模型理论与分析成果基础上,考虑不同季节及不同建筑排列对风场的影响,建立一个小区规划的物理模型,模拟小区在机动车污染源和固定点源下的污染物浓度分布情况,通过对比分析选择出适合小区居民居住的规划方案。考虑大连的具体地理及工业点源排放分布,建立了大连区域三维海陆风环流模型,模拟了大连地区海陆风环流下的PM10的扩散浓度,分析了海陆风环流的高度、速度分布、纵深长度和逆温层结对污染物浓度分布的影响,提出了防治污染物在海陆风环流下的积聚对策,同时为环境经济损失评价提供基础数据。 (5)利用大连三维海陆风环流模型模拟的污染物(PM1o)的浓度和剂量反应关系,建立了基于大气扩散模型的环境经济损失评价和预测模型,估算了大连地区2007年和2010年由于污染物PM10导致的环境经济损失。在分析未来能源消费及污染物排放因素对当地居民身体健康和收入的影响基础上,考察了大连市大气环境的承载能力和排污收费制度的实施效果,提出了降低大气污染导致的环境经济损失、改善空气质量及提高居民生活福利的对策和措施。
[Abstract]:The development of human society and economic growth need the support of energy. But a large amount of energy consumption has caused serious environmental pollution, restricted the development of social economy and welfare improvement. Environmental impact assessment plays an important role in energy policy and environmental management, and the atmospheric diffusion model is a key link connecting energy evaluation consumption emissions and economic losses, is a necessary means to achieve air quality prediction and forecast of economic losses.
This paper mainly includes five parts, one is on the sea breeze circulation model coupled two-dimensional random walk model was studied, the two is on the two-dimensional street canyon diffusion model was studied, the three is on the street canyon 3D diffusion model, 3D model and the Dalian residential construction planning area of three dimensional sea breeze circulation model was studied, four the environmental loss evaluation model of atmospheric diffusion model is studied based on five is predicted in the energy economy model based on energy demand in the future, the Dalian environmental economic loss forecast research, research of the five parts is a unified whole, this research has an important guiding significance to the future development of energy policy and environmental policy.
(1) the establishment of two-dimensional quasi-static numerical model simulation of sea breeze circulation, Dalian regional pressure field, velocity field, temperature field and turbulent flow field; Dalian region based on wind field, temperature field, flow field, a point source pollutants (PM10) random walk model, calculation and analysis of the concentration of PM10 in the distribution of sea breeze circulation by comparing the simulation results. This model has higher calculation precision and Gauss model.
(2) to the motor vehicle exhaust pollution source, established the CO two-dimensional street canyon diffusion model, analysis and calculation of the diffusion of CO in the street in the valley of the flow field and concentration field, and discusses the calculation precision of three turbulence models. The results show that the simulation precision of RNG turbulence model is improved. Based on the model, calculate the five street canyon aspect ratio, three buildings relative height ratio of a total of fifteen building layout pollutants (CO) diffusion concentration, diffusion concentration of pollutants in the different layout of buildings and the pollutant retention capability and influencing factors of the concentration of pollutants in different layout in the street canyon, is proposed to improve the layout of buildings and reduce concrete measures the pollutant concentration in the street canyon.
(3) consider the street canyon wall and the air temperature difference between non isothermal two-dimensional street canyon, a diffusion model to simulate the pollutant in the street canyon flow field and concentration field, through wind tunnel experiment to verify the correctness of the model. Then the application model of the effects of different wall, six kinds of different temperature and different effect of flow velocity on the flow field and concentration field in street canyon is analyzed, resulting in the street canyon flow field and concentration field change mechanism, put forward to improve the air quality in street canyons, specific measures to reduce the heat island effect and building energy consumption, providing theoretical and technical support for scientific and rational planning of the building layout.
(4) the theory and analysis of two-dimensional model on the basis of the results, considering the different seasons and different architectural arrangements influence on the wind field, the establishment of a residential planning area in the physical model, simulation of motor vehicle pollution source and fixed point source pollutants concentration distribution, through the comparative analysis of choice for planning residential district. Considering the specific geographical and industrial point source emission distribution in Dalian, Dalian established a regional three-dimensional sea breeze circulation model to simulate the diffusion concentration in Dalian sea breeze under the PM10, analyzes the sea breeze circulation height, velocity distribution, length and temperature inversion depth on the distribution of pollutant concentration effect, put forward the accumulation of pollutants in the prevention countermeasures of the land sea breeze circulation, to provide basic data for environmental evaluation and economic loss.
(5) the use of pollutant simulation of Dalian sea breeze circulation model of three-dimensional (PM1o) concentration and dose response relationship, the establishment of environmental economic loss of atmospheric diffusion model based on the evaluation and prediction model, estimated in 2007 and 2010 in Dalian due to the environmental pollution economic loss caused by PM10. Based on the analysis of factors of future energy consumption and pollutant discharge influence on the health of local residents on the implementation effect of charge system capacity and sewage of Dalian city atmospheric environment research, put forward to reduce the air pollution caused by environmental economic losses, improve air quality and Countermeasures to improve the residents' welfare.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：X16;X196

【引证文献】