布哈林国民经济平衡发展观的当代价值

发布时间：2018-03-21 21:14

本文选题：国民经济　切入点：平衡　出处：《广西师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·布哈林(1888——1938)是享有世界声誉的马克思主义理论家,是联共(布)和共产国际的著名领导人。他被列宁称为“党的最宝贵和最大的理论家”、“学识卓越的马克思主义经济学家”。作为一个马克思主义经济学家,布哈林在理论方面颇有建树,他的指导国民经济发展的“平衡论”至今仍然闪烁着熠熠光辉。布哈林国民经济平衡发展观主要包含以下几个内容:(1)协调好工农业平衡发展的关系;(2)协调好工业内部平衡发展的关系,对重工业与轻工业的投资要有一个适当的比例;(3)协调好积累和消费的关系;(4)保持农业内部农业性收入和非农业性收入、谷物和技术作物以及同畜产品之间的平衡;(5)处理好国家的政治领导与经济建设的关系。随着对布哈林国民经济平衡发展观的深入研究,可以得出以下结论及启示:工业与农业的平衡发展是国民经济平衡、稳定、健康良性发展的前提和基础,也是国民经济各部门保持平衡协调发展中最为关键的一对矛盾,在工业化的进程中我们要牢牢把握住这一点;农业和工业一样都是国民经济发展的重要目标,在某种程度上来说二者是对等的,在工业化的征程中,要力图避免农业的工具理性地位,切切实实从思想上认识到农业的重要性,尤其在中国要切实践行农业的国民经济的基础性地位;国民经济的平衡发展需要各部门相互协调,各部门的协调发展就是国民经济整体中一个部分,各部分功能相互联结的密合程度决定了整体功能的发挥,因此,必须保持国民经济各部门的平衡协调发展;平衡、协调是布哈林国民经济平衡发展观的基点所在;平衡不是静止的平衡、一潭死水的平衡,而是动的平衡、和谐发展的平衡;平衡不是均衡,而是和协调相联系的平衡。布哈林的国民经济平衡发展理论较好地考虑了当时苏俄的基本国情,接近晚年列宁社会主义建设的思想,包含着合理、科学的因素,是对马克思主义经济理论的丰富和发展。工农业的平衡发展,是布哈林国民经济平衡发展理论的核心。布哈林是从工农联盟、维护无产阶级专政、非资本主义工业化必须有利于农业的发展、有利于农民生活水平的提高的角度来定义工农业平衡发展的。布哈林的工业化道路的选择无疑为我们提供了这样一条思路:和谐的政治需要和谐的经济。经济发展是社会发展的前提和基础,也是社会发展的根本保证。今天我们构建社会主义和谐社会当然也需要良性健康发展的国民经济,需要国民经济的平衡发展,而工业与农业的平衡发展则首当其冲。建国以来,我们长期实行的是城市偏向的重工业优先发展战略,这种发展战略扩大了工业与农业的差距,基于二元经济结构上的二元社会结构则固化了这种差距,使得农业萎靡、农民收入增长缓慢、农村市场凋敝。理论是政策的先导。在反思布哈林工业与农业平衡发展思想的基础上,当今我们就要做到“工业反哺农业、城市支持乡村”,统筹工农、城乡协调发展。良性发展的国民经济是建立在工业与农业平衡协调发展的基础之上的,但,这不是全部。健康发展的国民经济还需要保持重工业与轻工业、积累与消费以及农业内部的协调发展,否则任何一块“短板”都会延误国民经济的健康发展、阻碍工业化的进程。在对梯度非均衡发展战略否定之否定的基础上,党和国家及时提出了科学发展观,这种发展战略意在建立一种平衡与协调的长效机制,平衡各种利益群体之间的关系、产业之间的关系、人与自然的关系以及国内外之间的关系,内含着国民经济要保持平衡协调发展。在借鉴布哈林平衡、协调理念的基础上,当前要全面贯彻落实科学发展观。随着中国改革开放的纵深发展,布哈林的国民经济平衡发展理论为当今许多学人所重新认识,并给予极高的评价。其经济思想的许多观点和我们今天的改革实践有着惊人的相似之处。特别是邓小平理论中的速度和效益、共同富裕以及江泽民提出的十二个关系问题,与布哈林的主张在基本方向上是一致的。可以看出这不是偶然的,而是社会主义发展规律的必然性表达。本文的创新之处是,笔者认为布哈林把农业作为工业化进程中的一个重要发展目标来对待,而并非一个工具理性;学界研究布哈林工农平衡发展思想是就平衡谈平衡,而忽视了工农平衡的背后农业在工业化过程中的真正地位问题;布哈林早于发展经济学家就提出了二元经济结构理论、农业的非工具理性地位,是发展经济学的先驱。
[Abstract]:Nicola Ivanovich Bukharin (1888 - 1938) is the world-famous Marx theoretician (cloth) is the Soviet Communist Party and the Communist international famous leaders. He was described by Lenin as "the party's most precious and greatest theorist", "learning excellence Marx socialist economist." as a doctrine economist Marx, Bukharin in theory his successes, guide the development of the national economy "balance theory" is still shining.
Buhalin the balance of national economy development mainly includes the following contents: (1) between the balance of industry and agriculture development; (2) a good coordination between balanced development within the industry, the heavy industry and light industry investment to the proportion; (3) to coordinate the relationship between accumulation and consumption; (4) to maintain the agricultural agriculture income and non agriculture income, between grains and crops and livestock products technology with balance; (5) the relationship between political leadership and economic construction of the country.
With the in-depth study of Bukharin's development of national economic balance theory, we can draw the following conclusions and Enlightenment: the balanced development of industry and agriculture is national economy balanced, stable, healthy development of the premise and foundation, is also the national economic sectors remain the most crucial contradiction in the balance, we must firmly grasp this a point in the process of industrialization; agriculture and industry are the same as the important goal of the development of the national economy, to some extent, the two are equal, in the industrialization of the journey, to try to avoid the implement situation of agriculture, we know from the thought to the importance of agriculture, to earnestly practice the basic position of agriculture the national economy especially in Chinese; balanced development of national economy departments need to coordinate with each other, a part of the various departments of the coordinated development of the national economy as a whole is in the Closed degree function connected determines the overall function, therefore, must maintain the various sectors of the national economy balance; balance, coordination is Buhalin the balance of national economy development view point; the balance is not a balance, but a pool of stagnant water balance, the balance, the balance is not balanced and harmonious development; balanced, but coordinatingrelationship.
Bukharin's theory of balanced development of national economy considered the basic national conditions of Russia at that time. It was close to the thought of Lenin's socialist construction in late years. It contained reasonable and scientific factors, which enriched and developed Marx's economic theory.
The balanced development of industry and agriculture, is the core of Bukharin's development of national economic balance theory. Bukharin is from the alliance of workers and peasants, maintain the dictatorship of the proletariat, non capitalist industrialization must be conducive to the development of agriculture, is conducive to improving the living standards of farmers in the perspective of the balanced development of industry and agriculture. The definition of Bukharin's choice of industrialization will undoubtedly provide a a train of thought for us: harmonious political harmonious economy. Economic development is the premise and foundation of social development, but also the fundamental guarantee of the development of the society. Today we are building a socialist harmonious society also needs a healthy development of the national economy, the need to balance the development of the national economy, and the balanced development of industry and agriculture will bear the brunt.
Since the founding of new China, our long-term implementation of the strategy of giving priority to the development of city biased heavy industry, the development strategy of expanding the gap between industry and agriculture, two yuan of social structure economic structure of two yuan of curing this gap based on the agricultural malaise, farmer income growth is slow, the rural market is depressed. The theory of policy pilot based on the reflection of Bukharin between industry and agriculture development thought, today we have to do the "industry nurturing agriculture, city support rural", and the workers and peasants, coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
The sound development of the national economy is built on the basis of coordination development between industry and agriculture, but this is not all. The healthy development of the national economy also need to keep the heavy industry and light industry, accumulation and consumption and agricultural development, or any of a "short board" will delay the healthy development of the national economy. That hindered the industrialization process.
Based on the gradient of non balanced development strategy of the negation of negation, the party and the country put forward the development strategy of Scientific Outlook on Development in a timely manner, intended to establish a balanced and coordination mechanism, the relationship between the various interest groups in balance, relationship between industries, the relationship between man and nature as well as the domestic and foreign, including national economic balance and coordination development. In reference to balanced, based on the idea of coordination, the need to fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development.
Chinese along with the development of reform and open policy, the balanced development of national economy theory of Bukharin as the scholars reconsider, and to give a high evaluation. Many of the ideas of its economic thought and our reform practice has striking similarities. Especially the speed and effectiveness of Deng Xiaoping's theory, twelve relations together well, put forward by Jiang Zemin, and Bukharin's ideas in the basic direction is the same. We can see that this is not accidental, but a inevitable law of socialist development.
The innovation of this paper is that I think Buhalin the agriculture as an important development goal in the process of industrialization to treat, rather than a tool rationality; academic research thought is the balanced development of workers and peasants Buhalin balance on balance, the real position and ignore the problems of workers and peasants behind the balance of industry and agriculture in the process of industrialization; Buhalin in the early development of economists put forward two yuan economic structure theory, non rational tool position of agriculture, is a pioneer in development economics.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F092.9

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