中美碳排放权交易机制比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 15:35

本文选题：清洁发展机制　切入点：碳排放　出处：《华东师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境问题是21世纪的中国必须正视的问题。改革开放三十多年以来,中国的经济得到迅速发展,综合国力和国际地位都迅速提升,在取得这些成就的同时,我们也不得不面对这样一个事实：那就是中国的发展代价太大。尤其是环境问题,已经成为我们不可回避的问题之一,如果环境问题得不到妥善解决,就谈不上什么可持续发展,更谈不上什么和谐社会。中国这些年的发展所面临的一个突出问题,就是单位GDP能耗过高,碳排放过大。虽然,中国目前还不是《京都议定书》所规定的强制减排国家,但从最近召开的哥本哈根气候大会可以看出,发达国家正在千方百计对中国等新兴市场国家施加压力,强制减排离我们也不会太远。而中国也作出自己的承诺,争取到2020年单位GDP二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降40%～45%。近年来,市场机制作为解决气候变暖的方式之一,正不断得到重视。碳排放权交易是讨论的热点,其实质是以市场机制解决或弱化资源配置中出现的价格扭曲问题,以达到在资金总量有限的前提下,尽可能减少碳排放,减少环境污染,最终实现社会健康可持续发展。虽然碳排放权交易制度作为已经证实的,最有效率的污染控制手段之一,在世界大多数经济发达国家已经得到充分运用,并且产生了良好的效果。但在国内还遇到很多理论和现实问题,这制约了我国低碳经济的发展。而美国作为资本主义市场经济的大本营,其在碳排放权交易领域的理论探索和实践经验,都产生了良好的经济效益和社会效益。如何做到取其精华,去其糟粕,是摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本文就在中美碳排放权交易对比分析的过程中,试图找出美国的先进做法和先进经验,以期对中国未来碳排放权交易的开展,进行一些理论准备。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is twenty-first Century Chinese must face up to the problem. Since thirty years of reform and opening up, Chinese economic rapid development, the comprehensive national strength and international status have increased rapidly, in these achievements at the same time, we also have to face the fact that it is China development cost is too large. Especially the environmental problems, has one of our problems can not be avoided, if the environmental problems are not solved properly, we can't talk about what the sustainable development, not to mention what a harmonious society. Facing China these years of development of a prominent problem is the unit GDP energy consumption is too high, excessive carbon emissions. Although, the provisions of China there is not "Kyoto Protocol > mandatory emission reduction countries, but from the Copenhagen climate conference held recently that the developed countries are trying to China and other emerging market countries applied Pressure, mandatory emission reduction will not be too far away from us. China has also made its own commitment. In 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 40% ~ 45%. compared with 2005.
In recent years, the market mechanism is one of the solutions to climate warming, is gaining attention. Carbon emissions trading is a hot topic, its essence is to solve the problem of allocation of resources or weaken the price distortion in the market mechanism, in order to achieve the limited amount of funds under the premise, as far as possible to reduce carbon emissions, reduce environmental pollution finally, to achieve healthy and sustainable development of society. Although the carbon emissions trading system has been confirmed as the one of the most efficient means of pollution control, has been fully used in most developed countries, and produced a good effect. But many theoretical and practical problems encountered in the country, which restricts the development of low carbon economy China and the United States. As the capitalist market economy base, the theoretical exploration and practical experience in the field of carbon emissions trading, has a good economic effect Benefits and social benefits. How to achieve its essence, to its dregs, it is an important subject in front of us. During the analysis of carbon emissions trading in Sino US comparison, trying to find out the advanced practices in the United States and the advanced experience, in order to carry out Chinese future carbon emissions trading, to some theoretical preparation.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X196;X32

【引证文献】