《吕氏春秋》可持续发展思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 02:31

本文选题：《吕氏春秋》　切入点：可持续发展思想　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： “可持续发展”这一概念表述的是一种全新的发展观，是人们对第二次世界大战后以自然资源的耗竭和生态环境的破坏为代价的经济高速增长和消费迅速膨胀反思的结果。它将整个世界看成一个动态联系的系统，核心是要求在发展生产和满足消费时正确处理人与自然的关系和人与人的关系，兼顾资源的持续利用和生态环境的平衡，实现“既满足当代人的需要，又不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展”。可持续发展观可以说是发展观的一场革命，这一概念虽是几十年前才提出的，但其基本思想在我国却源远流长，可追溯至先秦时代。我国传统文化中主张人与自然协调发展的自然观、整合的系统思维方式以及以社会和谐为本位的人文主义精神，与当今可持续发展思想的内涵是一致的。春秋战国时代是我国传统学术的开端期，学术思想空前发展，诸子并立，百家争鸣。秦相吕不韦主持编写的《吕氏春秋》是对诸子百家的学说进行的大规模综合整理，形成了一套完整的治国纲领，其中即蕴涵着可持续发展的经济思想。《吕氏春秋》的可持续发展思想反映在生产和消费两个领域中，，以生产领域为主，体现在农时掌握、土地资源利用、生物资源的保护和合理利用等方面。本文共分五部分对《吕氏春秋》的可持续发展思想进行探讨。第一部分是《吕氏春秋》及其可持续发展思想的哲学基础，对《吕氏春秋》其书及研究现状进行了介绍，论述了其可持续发展思想得以确立的哲学基础；第二部分论述了《吕氏春秋》农时掌握中所体现的可持续发展思想，包括“时禁”和“因时”以及顺时对人力资源的合理利用，这三点都是围绕“农时”展开的，体现了在“天、地、人”关系的“三才”理论指导下人对自然规律的遵循；第三部分是《吕氏春秋》土地资源利用中所体现的可持续发展思想，从农耕技术角度对土壤的改造和土地资源的可持续利用提供了历史借鉴；第四部分是《吕氏春秋》保护和合理利用生物资源的可持续发展思想，论述了书的作者对生物资源和生态平衡的相关认识，以及在此基础上按四时节气的变化制定规则禁令、设置专职官员管理以及通过宗教祭祀等方式，有效保护和合理利用生物资源维护生态平衡，实现生物资源的可持续发展；第五部分论述了《吕氏春秋》消费观中所体现的可持续发展思想，在肯定人类天生欲望合理性的基础上，提出“利于性则取之，害于性则舍之”的可持续消费观。最后，结语认为：通过对《吕氏春秋》可持续发展思想的初步研讨，使我们认识到我国先秦时代就产生了有别于西方的发展观，这既是中华民族优秀的传统文化的重要组成部分，也对今天的社会经济发展有着重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The concept of "sustainable development" is a new concept of development. It is the result of reflection on the rapid economic growth and rapid expansion of consumption after the second World War, at the cost of depletion of natural resources and destruction of the ecological environment. It regards the whole world as a system of dynamic linkages, The core is to correctly deal with the relationship between man and nature and between man and man in the development of production and consumption, taking into account the sustainable use of resources and the balance of ecological environment, so as to achieve "satisfying the needs of the present people," Without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs ". The concept of sustainable development can be said to be a revolution in the concept of development. Although the concept was put forward only a few decades ago, its basic idea has a long history in our country. It can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. The traditional culture of our country advocates the harmonious development of man and nature, the integrated mode of systematic thinking and the humanism spirit based on social harmony. The Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period were the beginning period of our country's traditional academic, the academic thought developed unprecedentedly, and the scholars stood side by side. A hundred schools of thought contend. Lu Bowei's Spring and Autumn by Qin Minister Lu Buwei is a large-scale comprehensive arrangement of the doctrine of the hundred schools of thought of various schools of thought, which forms a set of complete principles of governing the country, which contains the economic thought of sustainable development. The sustainable development thought of Lu's Spring and Autumn period is reflected in the two fields of production and consumption, mainly in the field of production, embodied in the control of agricultural time, and in the utilization of land resources. This paper discusses the sustainable development thought of Lu's Spring and Autumn period in five parts. The first part is the philosophical foundation of Lu's Spring and Autumn period and its sustainable development thought. This paper introduces the present situation of Lu's book and his research, and discusses the philosophical foundation of his sustainable development thought, the second part discusses the sustainable development thought embodied in the grasp of agricultural time in Lu's Spring and Autumn period. Including "time ban" and "due time" as well as reasonable use of human resources, which are all centered on "agricultural time", which embodies the "three talents" theory of "heaven, earth, man" under the guidance of the natural law; The third part is the sustainable development thought embodied in the utilization of land resources in Lu's Spring and Autumn period, which provides a historical reference for the transformation of soil and the sustainable utilization of land resources from the angle of farming technology. The fourth part is the sustainable development thought of the conservation and rational use of biological resources in the Spring and Autumn of Lu. The author discusses the author's understanding of biological resources and ecological balance, and on this basis, formulates the rules and prohibitions according to the change of 04:00 solar terms. Set up full-time official management and through religious sacrifice and other ways to effectively protect and reasonable use of biological resources to maintain ecological balance to achieve the sustainable development of biological resources; The fifth part discusses the idea of sustainable development embodied in the consumption view of Lu's Spring and Autumn period. On the basis of affirming the rationality of human's natural desire, the author puts forward the sustainable consumption view of "good sex is taken, harm is given away". The conclusion holds that through the preliminary discussion on the sustainable development thought of Lu's Spring and Autumn period, we can realize that the concept of development was different from that of the West in the pre-Qin period of our country, which is an important part of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Also has the important reference significance to the social economy development today.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F092

【引证文献】