中国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-04-02 12:00

本文选题：诺贝尔自然科学奖　切入点：零现象　出处：《广西大学》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象，是我国在当前和今后相当长时期面临的经济社会发展的一个重大问题。“零现象”所反映和折射出的问题，己不仅仅局限于科技、教育领域，而是渗透和涉及到社会的多领域、多层面，呈现出复杂系统的特征。这迫切需要多学科从各自不同的研究视角对此进行探索。目前，，对“零现象”问题的关注，尚未完全成为学界的一个热点；从本文所能搜集到的资料看，仅有科学学、教育学、社会学和哲学等学科对这一问题进行了一定程度的探讨。信息资料有限，学术水准层次不一，学术研究的广度和深度也有待进一步开拓和深化。本文拟从经济学角度，探讨“零现象”，这在学术界尚无先例；这是我对“零现象”这一系统工程进行学科拓展的一个尝试。本文从“零现象”问题在经济方面导致的负面影响开始，重点分析了造成我国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象的原因。对“零现象”原因的分析，我主要运用新制度经济学的交易成本（又译为“交易费用”）理论作为分析工具。我注意到，交易成本理论体系在目前尚未成熟、完善，学界对此也存在较多分歧和争鸣。但较为一致的观点是：“交易费用概念的提出是人类认识史上的重大飞跃”（刘伟、李风圣著《产权通论》，北京出版社， 1998年版，第 42页）。这一理论的确立者、发展者科斯和诺思在 90年代初也获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。本文选择那些分歧较少的、较成熟的理论观点，并对之进行一般化（即应用的普适性）的努力和尝试，使之运用于非经济领域的论题。诚然，对这一理论进行非经济领域的运用，是由诺思将之运用于政治领域开始的，本文只不过是由此获得启迪，尝试用于我国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象的分析。此外，本文还运用了人力资本经济学和政治经济学的某些理论进行相关方面的分析论述。在遵循经济学规范主义和实证主义相结合的分析方法的前提下，对中国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象原因的分析，本文得出如下基本观点：投入不足、资源未实现优化配置以及未实施有效激励，是我国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象的主要原因。具体说，科学研究所需要的物质资本和人才资本的投入和积累不足，以及科技、教育等综合资源的配置和对科学研究人员的积极性、创造性激励等方面存在高昂的交易成本，是我国诺贝尔自然科学奖零现象的主要原因。本文共分为四章· 第一章主要是对诺贝尔自然科学奖进行基本介绍：并分析“零现象”在经济社会等方面导致的负面影响。第二章是分析“零现象”原因的上篇，运用交易成本理论，对创造性人才的培养和遂选、科技资源的优化配置、科研人员的积极性和创造性的激励等三个层次的问题进行交易成本分析。第三章是分析“零现象”原因的下篇，对物质资本和人才资本的投入、积累不足进行分别阐述。第四章为基本对策，主要是针对“零现象”的原因尽可能提出经济学的一些对策。本文认为，用新制度经济学的交易成本理论，对“零现象”问题进行探索，可以发现其他学科或理论难以发现的某些深层次问题。但是，由于本文对这一分析方法尚属探索性的初步尝试，缺漏和不足，在所难免。本文认为，运用这一理论对“零现象”问题进行更为深入和全面的分析研究，仍有较大的可开拓空间，而这一切，尚有待本人今后继续作出努力。
[Abstract]:The zero phenomenon of the Nobel prize for Natural Science in China is the economy that China is facing for a long period of time and in the future.
A major problem in social development. The problems reflected and reflected by the "zero phenomenon" are not only limited to the problem.
Science and technology, the field of education, but the multifaceted, multifaceted, and complex systems that permeate and involve society.
This is an urgent need for multidisciplinary exploration from a different perspective.
The concern of the "elephant" problem has not been a hot spot in the academic world; from the information that this article can collect,
Only science, pedagogy, sociology and philosophy have a certain degree of discussion on this issue.
The information and information are limited, the level of academic level is different, and the breadth and depth of academic research need to be further developed.
Deepen.
This article is to discuss the "zero phenomenon" from the economic point of view, which has no precedent in the academic circle; this is my "zero".
"Phenomenon" is an attempt to expand the discipline of this system engineering. This article from the "zero phenomenon" problem in the economic side
The negative impact of the face began, focusing on the reasons for the zero phenomenon of the Nobel prize for Natural Science in China.
In the analysis of the cause of "zero phenomenon", I mainly use the transaction cost of new institutional economics.
As an analytical tool, I note that the transaction cost theory system is not yet mature,
There are more differences and contention in the academic circle. But the more consistent view is: "the concept of transaction costs."
This is a significant leap in the history of human knowledge "(Liu Wei, Li Fengsheng" property right ", Beijing press,
The 1998 edition, forty-second pages). The founder of this theory, the developer Kos and North were also obtained in the early 90s.
He won the Nobel prize in economics. This article chooses the less divided, more mature theory, and goes into it.
The efforts and attempts of generalizing (the universality of the application) to apply it to non economic topics.
However, the use of this theory in the non economic field was started by North's use of it in the political field.
This article is only an inspiration and an attempt to analyze the zero phenomenon of the Nobel prize for Natural Science in China.
In addition, some of the theories of human capital economics and political economics are also used in this paper.
Analysis and discussion.
The premise of analysis method in economics follow the normative and positivism combination under the China Nobel
The analysis of the reasons for the zero phenomenon of the prize for natural science draws the following basic views: insufficient investment and insufficient resources
The main reason for the zero phenomenon of the Nobel prize for Natural Science in China is to optimize the allocation and not to implement effective incentives.
In particular, the investment and accumulation of material capital and talent capital needed by the scientific research institute, as well as technology,
The allocation of comprehensive resources and the enthusiasm for scientific researchers, creative incentives and so on are high.
The transaction cost is the main reason for the zero phenomenon of the Nobel prize for Natural Science in China.
This article is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter is the basic introduction to the Nobel prize for natural science and the analysis of the "zero phenomenon" in the economy
The negative effects of social and other aspects.
The second chapter is the first part of the analysis of the cause of "zero phenomenon", and the use of the transaction cost theory to the creative talents
Three layers of cultivation and selection, optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources, enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers
The issue of the transaction cost analysis.
The third chapter is the next part of the analysis of the cause of "zero phenomenon", and the accumulation of material capital and talent capital.
The shortcomings are explained separately.
The fourth chapter is the basic countermeasure. The main reason is to put forward some economics according to the reason of "zero phenomenon".
Countermeasures.
This paper argues that the "zero phenomenon" problem is explored by the transaction cost theory of new institutional economics.
We can find some deep problems that are difficult to find in other disciplines or theories.
Analysis methods are still in the exploratory attempt, gaps and deficiencies can hardly be avoided. In this paper, using this theory
On the more in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the "zero phenomenon" problem, there is still a lot of space to open up.
And all this still remains to be done in the future.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F069

【引证文献】