政府目标：效率与公平间的钟摆式选择

发布时间：2018-11-08 18:47

【摘要】：政府目标是政府主导的，但它也分为被动和主动两种，被动的设定政府目标是在现实与需求产生巨大差距，引起人们强烈不满时，政府才不得不改变其目标，，而主动设定是在政府察觉到社会环境的改变与其目标不适应时，主动改变其目标的做法。本文通过对公平和效率对立统一关系的分析和对西方资本主义发展史的考察，得出了随着时间的推移、社会环境的变迁，政府目标将在二者中间有一个必然的钟摆式运动的结论。同时，本文希望用这个结论来解释我国发展过程中政府目标转换的现象，帮助论证我国政府下一步目标的制定方向，从而实现政府目标的主动设定，以减少当前政府目标和社会真正需求间差距所造成的不安定因素和冲突。文章的第一章首先提出政府目标的概念和内容，然后对现有的“公平”和“效率”概念作了简单归纳，并界定了本文中“公平(正义)”和“效率(生产力)”的定义。在这个基础上，综述了目前学术界有关公平与效率间政府如何选择的几种理论。第二章提出了公平与效率的对立统一关系，并在这个基础上形成了政府目标的“钟摆理论”，认为政府会根据不同的社会环境在公平与效率间作出相应的目标转化。最后分析了影响政府做出转化的经济、政治、文化因素。第三章实证分析考察了资本主义发展过程中政府目标的演变，并横向比较了几个国家的公平与效率的结合情况。得出了公平与效率在政府目标中交替出现的必然性和二者互相促进的结论。文章最后一部分用钟摆理论分析了我国自建国以来从偏重公平到“效率优先，兼顾公平”政策演变的原因，然后论述了目前我国公平和效率的现状，指出了政府转变政府目标的必要性，并提出了相应的措施。
[Abstract]:The goal of government is government-led, but it can also be divided into passive and active. The passive setting of government goal is that when there is a huge gap between reality and demand, and people feel strongly dissatisfied, the government has to change its goal. The initiative setting is the practice of changing the social environment when the government is aware that the change of the social environment is not suitable for its goal. Based on the analysis of the relationship between fairness and efficiency and the development of capitalism in the West, this paper draws a conclusion that the social environment changes with the passage of time. There will be an inevitable pendulum movement in the middle of the government's goals. At the same time, this paper hopes to use this conclusion to explain the phenomenon of government target transformation in the process of development of our country, to help demonstrate the direction of our government's next goal formulation, so as to realize the active setting of government goal. To reduce the current government goals and the real needs of society caused by instability and conflict. In the first chapter, the concept and content of the government goal are put forward, then the existing concepts of "fairness" and "efficiency" are summarized, and the definitions of "fairness (justice)" and "efficiency (productivity)" in this paper are defined. On this basis, several theories about how to choose the government between fairness and efficiency are summarized. The second chapter puts forward the unity of opposites between fairness and efficiency, and on this basis forms the "pendulum theory" of the government's goal, and thinks that the government will make the corresponding goal transformation between fairness and efficiency according to the different social environment. Finally, it analyzes the economic, political and cultural factors that affect the government's transformation. Chapter three examines the evolution of government objectives in the process of capitalist development and compares the combination of fairness and efficiency in several countries. The author draws the conclusion that fairness and efficiency alternately appear in government goals and promote each other. In the last part of the article, the author analyzes the reasons for the evolution of the policy of "efficiency first and fair" since the founding of our country, and then discusses the present situation of fairness and efficiency in our country. This paper points out the necessity for the government to change the government's goal, and puts forward some corresponding measures.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F014.4

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