新古典经济人三重特征的局限与重构

发布时间：2018-05-03 06:40

本文选题：自利动机 + 利他动机　；参考：《学术月刊》2012年04期

【摘要】：经济人是对现实中的人的抽象,是经济学分析的必要逻辑起点。新古典经济学的经典假设认为经济人是完全自利的,具有无限的计算能力,信息是完全的。显然,这分别是对人的行为动机、行为能力和行为环境三重特征的抽象。但是,这种抽象是片面的,建基于其上的经济理论对一些经济现象缺乏解释力,产生了一些"异象"。实际上,行为人具有自利和利他二维正交的双重动机;行为能力受主客观因素制约,从而具有固有的局限性;行为环境具有复杂性和不确定性,从而信息也是不可穷尽的。据此,可以重构出一个"现实经济人"假说。这一假说建立在认知科学、神经科学等自然科学的坚实基础上,它没有武断地假定永恒的人性特征;它抽象出了经济研究中人的三重特征的本质属性,并将新古典经济人作为特例纳入其中。以其为假设前提构建经济理论可以更好地解释和预测经济现象,并且具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Economic man is the abstract of human in reality and the necessary logical starting point of economic analysis. The classical hypothesis of neoclassical economics holds that economic man is completely self-interested, with infinite computing power and complete information. Obviously, this is the abstraction of the triple characteristics of human behavior motivation, behavioral ability and behavioral environment. However, this kind of abstraction is one-sided, and the economic theory based on it lacks the explanatory power to some economic phenomena and produces some "anomalies". In fact, the actor has the dual motive of self-interest and altruism; the capacity of behavior is restricted by subjective and objective factors, which has inherent limitations; the behavior environment is complex and uncertain, so the information is inexhaustible. According to this, we can reconstruct a hypothesis of "realistic economic man". This hypothesis is based on the solid foundation of natural sciences such as cognitive science, neuroscience and so on. It does not assume the eternal human nature arbitrarily; it abstracts the essential attribute of the triple character of man in economic research. And the new classical economic man as a special case included in it. The construction of economic theory based on its hypothesis can better explain and predict economic phenomena and has important practical significance.
【作者单位】：南开大学经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“贯彻落实科学发展观与实施知识产权战略研究”(07AJY0011)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F091.33

【共引文献】