论单位商品价值量下降规律——回应“成正比”争议的第2个命题

发布时间：2018-06-01 14:29

本文选题：成正比 + 劳动生产率　；参考：《教学与研究》2012年03期

【摘要】：成正比的争议涉及两个命题:一是,一定长度的工作日总是表现为相同的价值产品。二是,劳动生产率提高,单位商品价值量下降。本文回应的是关于第二个命题的争议。在这个问题的争议中,认为在劳动生产率提高时,劳动生产率与单位商品价值量成反比的规律将不再成立的人,即主张"成正比"的人,其论证的主要依据是建立在劳动生产率等于劳动复杂程度和劳动强度的假设上的。然而这个假设是不成立的。社会劳动生产率的水平本身"表现为一个工人在一定时间内,以同样的劳动力强度使之转化为产品的生产资料的相对量。"其与劳动强度和劳动的复杂程度没有直接的关系,甚至在很大程度上劳动生产率与劳动复杂程度是成反比的。更为重要的是,市场竞争是通过使商品便宜而不是使商品昂贵来进行的。如果劳动生产率的提高使得单位商品价值提高从而使商品变得昂贵,那么,资本家就不会用提高劳动生产率的方法来进行竞争。显然,这不是事实。
[Abstract]:Proportional disputes involve two propositions: first, a certain length of working day is always expressed as a product of the same value. Second, labor productivity increases, unit commodity value quantity drops. This paper responds to the controversy over the second proposition. In the dispute over this issue, those who believe that the law of inverse proportion between labor productivity and the value of a unit of goods will no longer hold when the labor productivity increases, that is, those who advocate "direct proportion" are those who hold that the law of labor productivity is inversely proportional to the value of a unit of goods. The main basis of its argument is based on the hypothesis that labor productivity is equal to labor complexity and labor intensity. However, this assumption is not true. The level of social labor productivity itself "manifests itself in the relative quantity of the means of production of a product that a worker converts into a product with the same intensity of labor over a certain period of time." It has no direct relationship with labor intensity and labor complexity, and to a large extent, labor productivity is inversely proportional to labor complexity. More importantly, market competition takes place by making goods cheap rather than expensive. If the increase in labor productivity increases the value of the unit commodity and makes the commodity expensive, then the capitalists will not compete by increasing the productivity of labor. Obviously, this is not true.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院;中国人民大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：F014.2

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