《剩余价值学说史》中的资本逻辑——马克思对资本主义物质生产的前提性批判

发布时间：2018-10-26 06:29

【摘要】：通过历史唯物主义,马克思揭示出,资本主义现存社会关系是在历史运动中,通过人们的感性交往活动被创生、并且不断改变着的。通过政治经济学批判,通过揭示资本主义物质生产、剩余价值的秘密,马克思进而指出,资本是私有财产运动的感性表现,作为一种社会关系,其生成是历史的;作为抽象劳动的积累,其生命力就在于不断的自我增殖和扩张。进入21世纪,普遍观点认为:资本主义已经进入第三个发展阶段,即晚期资本主义、消费社会莅临了,马克思的生产决定论不能自圆其说。因此,澄清马克思对资本主义物质生产进行批判的要义,对于重新阐释马克思哲学的当代意义是非常必要的。马克思在《剩余价值学说史》这一要著中,通过对"物质生产"这一经济学范畴之规定的前提性批判,揭示出资本主义社会条件下的物质生产是被生产性所规定的,其存在的前提是资本作为一种抽象的社会权力统治具体活劳动,劳动力和劳动条件发生分离,而国民经济学家逻辑的、抽象的表达了现实中真实发生的关系,把具有社会-历史规定的现实变成了永恒的自然规律。马克思进一步指出了,整个资本主义现存关系是如何落入生产强制的"支架"中,资本主义生产强制、需求强制和消费强制又是如何内在勾连的。
[Abstract]:Through historical materialism, Marx reveals that the existing social relations of capitalism are created in the historical movement and are constantly changing through people's perceptual communication activities. Through critique of political economy, by revealing the secret of capitalist material production and surplus value, Marx further pointed out that capital is the perceptual expression of private property movement, as a kind of social relationship, its generation is historical; As the accumulation of abstract labor, its vitality lies in continuous self-proliferation and expansion. In the 21st century, the general view is that capitalism has entered the third stage of development, that is, the late stage of capitalism, the consumer society has arrived, Marx's production determinism can not justify itself. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the essentials of Marx's criticism of capitalist material production in order to reinterpret the contemporary significance of Marxist philosophy. Marx in the History of the Theory of surplus value, by criticizing the provisions of the economic category of "material production", reveals that the material production under the conditions of capitalist society is stipulated by production. The premise of its existence is that capital, as an abstract social power, governs the concrete living labor, the labor force and the working conditions are separated, and the national economist logically, abstractly expresses the real relationship in reality. The reality with social-historical rules has been transformed into an eternal law of nature. Marx further points out how the existing relationship of capitalism falls into the "scaffold" of production compulsion, and how capitalist production coercion, demand coercion and consumption compulsion are intertwined.
【作者单位】：复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心;中山大学社会科学教育学院;
【基金】：复旦大学国外马克思主义与国外思潮研究创新基地的教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金上海市重点学科“国外马克思主义研究”(B103) 中山大学211三期“当代中国社会转型期的价值重构研究”的资助
【分类号】：A811;F091.91

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