政治互动中的理性选民与政党组织——一种新政治经济学的观点

发布时间：2019-03-02 20:24

【摘要】：新政治经济学从独特的理论视角为研究现代政治中政党与选民的关系开启了新的进路。在政治市场上,选民在进行成本—收益的计算之后决定是否参与投票,而政党的意识形态则构成了降低选民政治成本的有效工具。政党与选民的关系可以通过建立在选民偏好判断基础上的偏好适应模型和偏好塑造模型进行解释。在偏好适应模型中,选民偏好利益对政党制度和政策选择有着决定性影响,政党采取适应或迎合选民偏好的方式来获得选民的支持;而在偏好塑造模型中,政党则通过意识形态的灌输或社会政治权力的运用对选民的偏好进行塑造和影响,以取得选民的政治认同。当前,政党普遍呈现出"去意识形态化"和"政策选择趋同化"的倾向,这对政党政治乃至民主政治的存在意义形成了巨大的冲击。
[Abstract]:New political economy has opened a new way to study the relationship between political parties and voters in modern politics from a unique theoretical perspective. In the political market, voters decide whether to vote after calculating the cost-benefit, and the ideology of the political party is an effective tool to reduce the political cost of the voters. The relationship between political parties and voters can be explained by a preference adaptation model and a preference shaping model based on voters' preference judgment. In the preference adaptation model, the voters' preference interests have a decisive influence on the political party system and policy choice, and the political parties adopt the way of adapting or catering to the voters' preference to obtain the support of the voters; In the model of preference shaping, the political parties shape and influence the voters' preferences through ideological instillation or the use of social and political power, in order to obtain the voters' political identity. At present, the political parties generally show the tendency of "de-ideology" and "policy choice convergence", which has a great impact on the significance of the existence of party politics and even democratic politics.
【作者单位】：中国科学院研究生院;
【分类号】：D035;F0

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