掮客在旅游世界中的功能及其角色演化

发布时间：2018-09-08 07:59

【摘要】：20世纪中期,旅游人类学家打破了“东道主——游客”这一二元旅游系统模型,提出第三种角色类型,即东道主与游客之间的调节者——掮客。他们在东道主与游客的交流中发挥着关键作用,在旅游目的地变化中扮演着独一无二的重要角色,那么究竟哪些人才是旅游世界中的掮客,他们是否具有共同的特点,他们的功能与角色是否可以进行细化,当东道主文化和旅游者类型发生变化时,他们的功能与角色是否会发生变化,如果变化了,引起这种变化的原因有哪些。这一系列的问题引发了笔者的研究兴趣,因此,本文以掮客为研究对象,通过引入Butler旅游目的地生命周期理论和Plog的旅游者个性心理模型,分析在旅游目的发展过程中掮客的功能及其角色,揭示其演化的一些规律。本文采用了质性的研究方法,在文章结构上共有七个部分。第一部分是绪论,交代了本文的选题背景、目的和意义。第二部分是综述,通过对国内外研究成果进行回顾,发现国外关于掮客的研究虽然数量不少,但缺少历时性的分析研究,而国内学术界关于文化掮客的研究几乎为零,仅有个别学者对这个问题进行了初步的探讨。第三部分是对整个研究设计的阐述,交代了本文所采用的质性研究方法,以及通过田野工作获取研究资料的具体过程。第四、五、六三个部分是本文的核心。第四部分是对掮客的概念内涵进行界定。掮客一词在旅游研究领域的使用已有半个多世纪,但至今未赋予它严格、统一、明确的意义,存在着内涵不清、外延泛化的问题,因此这部分首先厘清掮客的概念,并从形态、核心职能等方面对这一概念内涵进行阐述。随后探讨了掮客产生的原因,认为掮客出现的根本原因是旅游者与东道主之间存在信息不对称。在这两部分的基础上,最后,从掮客接触对象的差异、以此谋生程度的差异、行为方式的差异以及意愿的差异四个维度探讨了掮客的类型划分,并最终确定了本文的研究对象。第五部分根据扎根理论,对资料进行三级编码分析,归纳出在目的地探索和发展两个阶段掮客的功能与角色,通过对两个阶段掮客功能及其角色进行比较分析,发现受到目的地旅游系统完善程度和旅游者类型两个因素的影响,讲解型掮客线路推荐的功能不断弱化,讲解、协调的功能不断强化,表演型掮客发挥着充实旅游体验与情景再现的功能,掮客的角色构成变得更加复杂。第六部分是以掮客行为为视角分析掮客与目的地文化涵化的相互关系。受旅游业的影响,东道主文化经过合作、筛选、矛盾、融合四个阶段形成一种新的文化,在这个过程中,掮客通过筛选和示范两种方式发挥作用,另一方面,随着目的地文化舞台化,目的地对掮客的行为提出更高的要求,文化的涵化与掮客功能的演化是相互影响的。最后一部分是结语,从研究结论、研究局限和展望这两个方面做总结,历时性视角为掮客研究提供了新的视角,掮客功能及其角色演化在解释目的地文化发展方面有着独特的见解,而掮客演化的模型是否能够与旅游地生命周期模型、旅游者个性心理模型进行融合尚需要进一步研究,这也是笔者后续研究努力的方向。
[Abstract]:In the mid-20th century, tourism anthropologists broke the dual tourism system model of "host-tourists" and proposed a third type of role, i.e. brokers, the mediators between host and tourists. They played a key role in the communication between host and tourists and played a unique and important role in the change of tourism destination. The role, then exactly which talents are the brokers in the tourism world, whether they have the same characteristics, whether their functions and roles can be refined, whether their functions and roles will change when the host culture and the types of tourists change, and if so, what are the reasons for this change. A series of questions have aroused the author's interest. Therefore, this paper takes brokers as the research object, and analyzes the functions and roles of brokers in the development of tourism purposes by introducing Butler's life cycle theory and Plog's psychological model of tourists'personality, and reveals some laws of their evolution.
This paper adopts qualitative research method, and there are seven parts in the article structure.
The first part is the introduction, explaining the background, purpose and significance of this paper. The second part is a summary. Through reviewing the research results at home and abroad, it is found that although there is a large number of Foreign Studies on brokers, there is a lack of diachronic analysis and research, while the domestic academic research on cultural brokers is almost zero, and only a few scholars have done so. The third part is the elaboration of the whole research design, explaining the qualitative research methods adopted in this paper, and the specific process of obtaining research data through field work.
The fourth, fifth and 63 parts are the core of this article.
The fourth part is to define the concept of broker. The use of broker in tourism research has been more than half a century, but so far it has not been given a strict, unified, clear meaning, there is not clear connotation, extension of the problem, so this part first clarifies the concept of broker, and from the form, core functions and other aspects of this one. Then it discusses the causes of the brokers and holds that the fundamental cause of the brokers'appearance is the information asymmetry between the tourists and the hosts. On the basis of these two parts, finally, it explores the differences of the brokers' contact objects from four dimensions: the difference of the degree of making a living, the difference of the behavior and the difference of the willingness. The classification of brokers was discussed and the research object of this paper was finally determined.
The fifth part, according to the grounded theory, carries on the three-level coding analysis to the data, summarizes the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages of destination exploration and development. Through the comparative analysis of the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages, it finds that the brokers are influenced by the perfection of the destination tourism system and the types of tourists, and explains the functions and roles of the brokers. The function of passenger route recommendation is weakening, explaining and coordinating is strengthening, and the function of performing broker is enriching tourism experience and reappearing scenes. The role of broker is becoming more complex.
The sixth part is to analyze the relationship between brokers and the cultural assimilation of the destination from the perspective of brokers'behavior. Under the influence of tourism, the host culture is formed by cooperation, screening, contradictions, and integration in four stages. In this process, brokers play a role through screening and demonstration. On the other hand, with the development of the destination culture, the host culture is influenced by tourism. The cultural stage, the destination put forward higher request to the broker's behavior, the cultural assimilation and the broker's function evolution are mutually influential.
The last part is the conclusion. It summarizes the research conclusion, limitations and prospects. The diachronic perspective provides a new perspective for the study of brokers. The function and role evolution of brokers have unique insights in explaining the development of destination culture. Whether the model of brokers'evolution can be compared with the life cycle model of tourist destinations, tourism. The integration of tourists'personality psychological model needs further study, which is also the direction of the author's follow-up research.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F590

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