喀纳斯生态旅游发展研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 17:03

【摘要】：20世纪末，在我国生态旅游以一种不同于大众旅游的旅游形式被提出，目前已成为旅游发展的热点。生态旅游作为一种实现旅游可持续发展的理想模式，在新疆虽然起步较晚，但许多景区已进入了生态旅游发展的初始阶段，而作为新疆旅游龙头景区的喀纳斯也不例外。喀纳斯是国家首批的5A级旅游风景区，具有丰富的生态旅游资源。随着喀纳斯旅游业的快速发展，景区年接待旅游人数逐年增长，可由于规划的原因，导致区域旅游基础设施和接待能力严重不足，环境承载压力巨大；在景区经营管理上，也存在发展目标不清晰、发展思路不明确、管理不规范等问题；同时人们更多关注旅游活动带来的经济效益，而忽视其社会效益和环境效益，致使喀纳斯也步入了“先开发后治理”的旅游开发模式，区域面临的生态环境问题日益突出，这给喀纳斯可持续发展带来了严重的威胁。本文从游客、旅游管理部门和当地居民三大利益主体之间协调发展的角度出发，以生态学、旅游学及可持续发展理论等相关学科的知识为理论依据，详细阐述了喀纳斯景区生态旅游发展的过程和现状；并依据景区三大利益主体的问卷调查和访谈所获的数据分析，发现喀纳斯生态旅游发展中的问题和矛盾诸多，对研究区生态旅游的可持续发展构成阻碍。经调查研究得出，影响喀纳斯生态旅游发展的主要问题有：（1）旅游管理部门方面：政府管理体制混乱，，造成产权不清晰，直接损害当地居民和游客的利益；管理措施落后不完善，如在旅游旺季，无法调控游客在时间和空间上的高度密集化现象。（2）游客方面：在每年的7-9月份，景区游客数量严重超载；在旅游活动中，大部分游客的生态意识较强，但在实际行动中，游客对于景区的生态环境破坏仍然较严重，意识与行动不相符。（3）当地居民方面：由于经济利益驱使，当地居民及旅游经营者失去了对于景区的生态环境和民族文化的强烈保护意识，在一定程度上严重破坏了生态旅游环境，对景区的可持续发展起到消极影响。针对上述问题，管理部门应该与时俱进，更新观念，健全和完善景区的法律法规体系和管理制度，加强景区生态环境的保护，促进景区的可持续发展；对游客应加强生态环保意识的教育与宣传，促使游客的生态意识与旅游行为相一致，还应采取控制游客容量的合理措施；对当地居民进行教育和宣传，鼓励他们积极参与喀纳斯生态旅游的经营活动，使他们从中受益，以提高生态环境保护意识。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 20th century, ecotourism in our country was put forward as a form of tourism different from mass tourism, which has become a hot spot in the development of tourism. As an ideal mode to realize the sustainable development of tourism, ecotourism has started late in Xinjiang, but many scenic spots have entered the initial stage of ecotourism development, and Kanas, as the leading tourist spot in Xinjiang, is no exception. Kanas is the first class 5A scenic spot in China, with abundant ecotourism resources. With the rapid development of Kanas tourism, the annual number of tourists in the scenic spots increases year by year. Due to the reasons of planning, the regional tourism infrastructure and reception capacity are seriously inadequate, and the environment is under great pressure. In the management of scenic spots, there are also some problems, such as unclear development objectives, unclear development ideas, irregular management and so on. At the same time, people pay more attention to the economic benefits brought by tourism activities, but ignore its social and environmental benefits. As a result, Kanas has stepped into the tourism development mode of "development first and then governance", and the ecological and environmental problems facing the region are becoming increasingly prominent. This poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of Kanas. From the angle of harmonious development among tourist, tourism management department and local residents, this paper takes the knowledge of ecology, tourism science and sustainable development theory as the theoretical basis. The development process and current situation of ecotourism in Kanas scenic area are described in detail. Based on the questionnaire survey and data analysis of the three main interest subjects in the scenic area, it is found that there are many problems and contradictions in the development of Kanas ecotourism, which is an obstacle to the sustainable development of ecotourism in the research area. Through investigation and research, the main problems affecting the development of Kanas eco-tourism are: (1) tourism management departments: the government management system is chaotic, resulting in unclear property rights, directly damage the interests of local residents and tourists; Management measures are backward and imperfect, such as in the peak season of tourism, can not control the high concentration of tourists in time and space. (2) tourists: in July-September every year, the number of tourists in scenic spots is seriously overloaded; In the tourism activities, most tourists have a strong ecological awareness, but in the actual action, the tourists' ecological environment damage to the scenic area is still more serious, consciousness and action do not match. (3) the local residents: driven by economic interests, The local residents and tour operators have lost their strong sense of protection to the ecological environment and national culture of the scenic spots, seriously damaged the eco-tourism environment to a certain extent, and have a negative impact on the sustainable development of the scenic spots. In view of the above problems, the management department should keep pace with the times, renew the concept, perfect and perfect the system of laws and regulations and management system of the scenic area, strengthen the protection of the ecological environment of the scenic spot, and promote the sustainable development of the scenic spot; To the tourists, we should strengthen the education and publicity of the ecological environmental protection consciousness, promote the tourists' ecological consciousness and tourism behavior consistent, and take reasonable measures to control the tourist capacity; The local residents should be educated and propagated to encourage them to take an active part in the management of Kanas ecotourism so as to benefit them so as to raise the awareness of ecological environment protection.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.7

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