新疆县域多维贫困研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 14:09

本文关键词：新疆县域多维贫困研究　出处：《新疆财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贫困是人类社会发展中长期存在的一个重大经济和社会问题,新疆地处我国的西北部,由于地理位置偏远、生活环境恶劣、历史条件等原因,经济发展水平远远落后于我国其他地区,贫困问题极为突出。新疆贫困问题的解决是关系到我国民族团结、社会稳定、边疆巩固的大事。本文首先从贫困的概念、贫困的影响因素两个方面对国内外专家学者的贫困研究成果进行认真梳理,并深入分析与论证了贫困问题的研究从一维拓展到多维的必要性。目前绝大多数的学者将贫困的研究对象定位于个体或家庭,很少以县域作为单位进行研究,而中国政府目前采取以确定国家重点扶持的贫困县的方式进行扶贫开发。因此本文以新疆县域作为研究单位,基于森的能力贫困理论的多维视角,根据目前国际上多维贫困的最权威研究动向,并结合新疆具体的实际情况,构建包括经济发展水平、资源环境、生活水准、健康、教育五个维度15个指标的多维贫困指标体系。在此基础上,根据所建立的多维贫困指标体系,利用AF多维贫困测度方法对新疆2012年所有县域的多维贫困状况进行测度研究,研究发现:从单一维度来看,南疆县域多集中于同时存在5、6个指标以上的贫困,有些县域甚至几乎所有的指标均存在贫困,而北疆绝大多数县域多集中于同时存在1~2个较少的指标贫困。在整体上南疆在各个指标的贫困发生率都远远高于北疆的贫困发生率,南北疆贫困状况差距很大,新疆县域的贫困主要集中在国家级贫困县、南疆地区。从多维角度来看,通过多维贫困指数测度分析发现,无论取多少贫困阈值,南疆地区县域的多维贫困发生率MPI0、平均多维贫困程度MPI1、多维贫困深度MPI2均远远高于北疆地区;从多维贫困指数分解发现,南疆地区的多维贫困主要集中在经济发展水平、资源环境、生活水准三个维度,北疆地区的多维贫困主要集中在资源环境、生活水准、健康三个维度。为了准确定位影响新疆国家级贫困县的最主要因素,通过logistic回归建模分析发现,地方财政收支比、非农人口占比、人均森林面积、人均农业机械总动力、农民人均住房面积、人均教育支出、中小学学生占用老师数均对国家级贫困县有显著性影响。以每三年时间为间隔,搜集全疆69个县域2006年度、2009年度、2012年度的相关数据,并统一以2012年的贫困线作为标准,采用贫困发生率、贫困缺口比、贫困深度对新疆近年来的扶贫效果进行研究,研究表明:第一,六年来无论是平均被剥夺程度、平均贫困差距、贫困深度均出现下降,新疆地区的多维贫困程度有所缓解,扶贫取得了一定的效果。第二,2006-2009年相比于2009-2012年的扶贫效果更为显著。以国家重点贫困县和南疆三地州为例,对这三个年度的扶贫效果进行了具体分析。研究表明:六年来贫困重点县与南疆三地州全年人均总收入显著增长,而且工资性收入和财产性收入的比重逐步上升,家庭经营收入比重逐步下降,收入来源构成更为合理。文盲、半文盲及小学文化程度人口的比重取得了显著性改善,但是大专及以上文化程度的人口比重贫困重点县没有明显变化,南疆三地州甚至出现大幅度下降。贫困重点县与南疆三地州身体健康状况并没有取得显著性的改善,甚至出现局部恶化的趋势。最后结合以上分析对新疆贫困地区扶贫工作的提出了一些具体的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a major economic and social problems in the development of human society, Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China, due to the remote location, poor living conditions, historical conditions, economic development level is far behind the other regions of our country, the problem of poverty is very prominent. To solve the problem of poverty in Xinjiang is China's national unity, social stability, consolidating the frontier event. This paper from the concept of poverty, poverty studies two aspects of the impact of poverty on domestic and foreign experts carefully combed, and in-depth analysis and demonstration of the research on the problem of poverty from one dimension to the necessity of the vast majority of multidimensional. The poor scholars research object to the individual or family, rarely takes the county as a unit, and the government is currently taking Chinese to determine the key support of the state poverty county. Type of poverty alleviation and development. So this paper takes Xinjiang County as the research unit, a multidimensional perspective based on the theory of Sen's ability of the poor, according to the most authoritative research trends of current international Multidimensional Poverty, and combined with the specific situation of Xinjiang, including the level of economic development, resources and the environment, living standards, health education, the Multidimensional Poverty Index system the five dimensions of 15 indicators. On this basis, according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index system established by the use of AF Multidimensional Poverty Measurement methods of Xinjiang County in 2012 all the multidimensional poverty measure research, the study found: from a single perspective, Xinjiang County focused on the simultaneous presence of 5,6 index above the poverty, some county and almost all of the index are poor, and the vast majority of county focus on indicators of poverty exist at the same time 1~2 less. On the whole Xinjiang at all The incidence of poverty index is far higher than that of the northern border of North and south of poverty, poverty gap, Xinjiang county poverty mainly concentrated in the national poverty counties, South Xinjiang region. From the multi-dimensional perspective, through the multidimensional poverty index measure analysis found that both take much less poverty threshold, multidimensional poverty incidence in Southern Xinjiang county MPI0 MPI1, the average degree of Multidimensional Poverty, the Multidimensional Poverty depth of MPI2 were much higher than in the northern region; found from the decomposition of the Multidimensional Poverty Index, Multidimensional Poverty in southern Xinjiang mainly concentrated in the level of economic development, resources and environment, the three dimensions of the standard of living, the Multidimensional Poverty northern area mainly concentrated in the resource environment, the standard of living, the three dimensions of health in order to accurately locate the main influencing factors of Xinjiang national poverty counties, through the logistic regression analysis found that the local fiscal revenue ratio, non-agricultural population Than, the per capita forest area per capita, the total power of agricultural machinery, farmers per capita housing area per capita expenditure on education, primary and middle school students are the teacher occupation number had a significant effect on the national poverty counties. Every three years in time intervals, collect Xinjiang 69 County 2006 year, 2009 year, 2012 year relevant data. And in 2012 the poverty line as a unified standard, the incidence of poverty, poverty gap ratio, poverty depth study on the effect of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang in recent years, the research shows that both the average first, sixth years deprivation degree, the average poverty gap and the poverty depth decreased, Multidimensional Poverty in Xinjiang eased poverty alleviation has achieved certain results. Second, 2006-2009 years compared with 2009-2012 years of poverty alleviation effect is more significant. Based on the national key poverty-stricken counties and three southern states as an example, in the three year of the poverty alleviation effect A detailed analysis. The study shows that the per capita poverty counties and three southern states total annual revenues increased significantly over the past six years, and the wage income and property income proportion gradually increased, the proportion of household operating income decreased gradually, sources of income is more reasonable. The illiterate and semi illiterate population and the proportion of primary school education made improved significantly, but no obvious changes of college and higher education level of the population proportion of poor counties, three southern states even declined dramatically. Poverty in key counties and three southern states of health has not achieved significant improvement, even local deterioration. Finally based on the above analysis of poverty alleviation in poor areas Xinjiang puts forward some specific policy recommendations.

【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8

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