基于土地利用变化的昆明市松华坝水库水源保护区非点源污染负荷研究
本文关键词:基于土地利用变化的昆明市松华坝水库水源保护区非点源污染负荷研究 出处:《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 非点源污染 输出系数模型 松华坝水库水源保护区
【摘要】:随着点源污染得到控制,非点源污染已成为影响水体质量的主要因素,非点源污染的形成与土地利用关系密切,不合理的土地利用方式会加剧水体的非点源污染,故研究土地利用变化对区域非点源污染负荷的影响已成为国内外的研究热点之一。昆明市松华坝水库水源保护区是昆明市重要的水源地,水质的好坏直接关系到昆明市几百万人口的饮用水安全,昆明市环保局2016年水质监测数据显示,松华坝水库的水质徘徊在Ⅲ类标准,仅达到饮用水最低标准。由影像解译结果可知,一直以来该水源保护区耕地面积超过1/4,其化肥和农药的施用对水体构成颇为严重的威胁,自2006年以来,昆明市政府持续加大水源保护区保护力度,退耕还林还草等措施的实施部分改变了水源保护区土地利用格局,因此,探讨研究区土地利用变化对非点源污染的影响,将对保护水源地水质具有重要的现实意义,同时也可为昆明市社会经济与生态环境的可持续发展提供科学依据。本文以TM影像为数据源,在“3S”技术支持下,解译获取研究区土地利用类型状况,分析土地利用变化状况,并以此为基础,利用输出系数模型,估算分析该区域非点源污染物TN、TP变化,并针对松华坝水库水源保护区在昆明市经济发展中的特殊作用,提出非点源污染防控措施与建议,主要研究内容如下:(1)对2007年、2015年研究区TM影像进行处理,采用监督分类与人工目视解译相结合的方法获得2期土地利用数据,对其土地利用变化情况分析可知:2007~2015年,研究区土地利用发生了一定变化,主要表现为耕地减少,建设用地、草地、林地、水域和未利用地增加。各用地类型动态度的分析结果显示,耕地以平均每年1.64%速度持续减少,建设用地则平均每年增长15.2%,水域、草地、未利用地、林地的动态度均亦增加。该水源保护区景观多样性指数(SHDI)、均匀度指数(SHEI)增大,蔓延度指数(CONTAG)、相似与邻接百分比指数(PLADJ)降低,表明研究区用地类型趋于分散化,原因应为建设用地扩张及退耕还林还草等政策的实施使研究区景观多样性逐步增强,且使各地类散布于研究区。(2)输出系数模型对研究区非点源污染物TN、TP估算分析显示,8年来由土地利用产生的非点源污染物TN、TP有所降低,TN负荷由2007年的471.66t降至2015年的446.06t,减少25.6t,TP负荷由2007年的31.11t降至2015年的28.72t,减少2.39t;从各土地利用对非点源污染的贡献率来看,耕地对非点源污染的贡献率虽呈减少趋势,但依然可达70%左右,因此,减少由耕地产生的非点源污染负荷,是改善研究区水质的关键。根据对松华坝水库水源保护区土地利用格局与非点源污染的变化分析,结合研究区自身区位特点,文章提出应继续增大林地比重、发展生态农业、规划植被过滤带,加强生态湿地建设等非点源污染防控措施建议,以期能对研究区水源保护产生一定理论指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the point source pollution control, non-point source pollution has become the main factors affecting water quality, non-point source pollution formation is closely related with land use, the non-point source pollution unreasonable land use will aggravate the water, so the study of impacts of land use change on regional non-point source pollution has become one of the the research hotspot at home and abroad. Kunming Songhuaba Reservoir water source protection area is an important water resource of Kunming City, the water quality is directly related to the safety of drinking water in Kunming city with millions of people, the Kunming Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in 2016 the water quality monitoring data show that the water quality of Songhuaba Reservoir hovering in the class standard, only to reach the minimum standard drinking water. The image interpretation results, since the water source protection area of cultivated land area of more than 1/4, the application of fertilizers and pesticides constitutes a very serious threat to the water, since 2006, Kunming Municipal government continued to increase efforts to protect water source protection areas, the implementation of some reforestation measures such as the change of water source protection areas of land use pattern, therefore, to investigate the effects of land use change on non-point source pollution, the water quality protection has important practical significance, and provide scientific basis for sustainable development at the same time but also for the Kunming city social economy and ecological environment. Based on the TM image as data source, in the "3S" technology, the interpretation situation gets the type of land use, land use change of status, and on this basis, using the export coefficient model, analysis the regional non-point source pollutants TN, TP the estimated variation, and the needle special role in Songhuaba Reservoir water source protection areas in economic development in Kunming City, the non-point source pollution prevention and control measures and suggestions, the main contents are as follows: (1) on 2007, 2015. The TM image processing, using the method of supervised classification and visual interpretation combined with 2 periods of land use data, the land use change analysis shows that: 2007~2015 years of land use change, mainly for the reduction of arable land, construction land, grassland, woodland, waters and the unused land increased. The land dynamic degree showed that arable land continued to decline at an average annual rate of 1.64%, construction land is the average annual growth of 15.2%, water, grassland, unused land, forest land dynamic degree were also increased. The landscape diversity index of water source protection area (SHDI), uniform index (SHEI) increased, the contagion index (CONTAG), similar to the adjacency percentage index (PLADJ) decreased, indicating that the study area land use types tend to diversify, the reason for the construction land expansion and conversion of cropland to forest and grassland policy implementation research area The landscape diversity increased gradually, and the different kinds of scattered in the study area. (2) the export coefficient model for the study of non-point source pollutants TN, TP estimation analysis showed that 8 years of land use from non-point source pollutants TN, TP decreased, TN load from 471.66t in 2007 to 446.06t in 2015, reduced 25.6t, TP load from 31.11t in 2007 to 28.72t in 2015, reduced by 2.39t; from each land use on non-point source pollution contribution rate, the contribution of farmland non-point source pollution rate is decreased, but still up to 70% or so, therefore, reducing non-point source pollution load generated by less cultivated land, is the key to improve the quality of the study area. According to the analysis of changes in the pattern of land use and non-point source pollution in water source protection area of Songhuaba Reservoir, combined with the study area's geographical features, the paper proposes that we should continue to increase the proportion of woodland, development of ecological agriculture, vegetation planning In order to provide some theoretical guidance for the protection of water source in the study area, the filter belt and the construction of non point source pollution prevention and control measures are strengthened.
【学位授予单位】:云南财经大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:F301.2
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