黑龙江省大型灌区水价制定方法及管理模式探讨

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:16

本文关键词：黑龙江省大型灌区水价制定方法及管理模式探讨　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源是我们无法缺少的自然资源,但目前在整个世界之内,水资源缺失所造成的危机已成为21世纪全球资源环境所面临的主要难题。水资源短缺所造成的难题已经已经开始对人类社会与经济发展造成比较重要的影响,真真正正的威胁到了人类的生命安全。因此,在进行经济现代化建设的同时,我们也要注重水资源的保护和节约用水,合理使用水资源,使水资源的使用符合可持续发展的战略要求。当前我国水资源供需矛盾日益严重,水资源危机已经对社会的可持续发展造成了一定的影响,而随着21世纪后人口爆炸式的增长和经济更加快速的发展,社会的需水量逐步加大,而按照目前的发展形势,势必会造成水资源的供给量和水的质量满足不了社会需求,使水资源的危机从我们生活的各个方面影响到我们。由于国情制约,我国内陆湖泊和河流污染严重,再加上可利用水资源总量严重不足,其中农业灌溉用水所占比例就达到了百分之七十五,而且许多灌区灌溉设施老化非常严重,输水渠道漏水严重,灌区管理不善,大部分农民节水意识不强,导致很多用水并没有应用到农田灌溉之上,而且长期以来,我国一直没有一个完整的农业水价制定机理,导致农业用水的水价构成不完整,水价水平一直较低,进一步造成了水资源危机的加剧,使水短缺和水浪费现象并存,但这也从侧面反映了我国农业用水具有很大的节水潜力。黑龙江省地处东北,降雨稀少,水资源短缺,人均水资源量不足全国人均水平,随着全省经济的快速发展,水资源危机已经日益严重。黑龙江省是国家产量大省,是重要的商品粮基地,全省共有8千多处大中小型灌区,灌区粮食产量占到全省的40%。如果灌区粮食产量受到水资源影响而降低,势必会影响到全省乃至全国的粮食安全,造成不可估量的损失。研究制定一个正确的水价机制,合理确立出水价的制定价格,深化农业用水的改革,整理灌区管理模式,已经成为黑龙江省灌区发展和改革的的一项重要研究课题。论文先回顾了解了国内外水价发展过程及以后可能的发展趋势,分析了目前我国水价的现状和产生的问题,对灌区水价形成机理进行了探讨,了解了水资源价格构成的方法、原则和影响因子。灌区农业水价的合理制定要以科学核算为基石,本文以完全成本法为基础评价分析工具,通过分析黑龙江省农业灌溉用水的特性和水价特点及影响价格的因素,将水资源丰缺程度,水资源利用效率,水资源开发条件和承受能力等因素引入水价的制定过程,使制定出来的价格更加贴合实际,易于使用。针对灌区在运行管理中出现的一系列问题,在不拿出大量资金进行改造的前提下进行调整规划,以便适应水资源价格的变化,努力节约水资源的使用量,提高农业用水的使用效率,在保护水资源的同时,做到增产增收,提高农民收入,使灌区管理更有意义。
[Abstract]:We do not lack of water resources is the natural resources, but in the whole world, the lack of water resources caused by the crisis has become a major problem facing the global resource environment in twenty-first Century. The problem caused by the shortage of water resources has already caused important influence on human society and economic development, the true threat to the safety of human life. Therefore, in the construction of economic modernization at the same time, we should also pay attention to the protection of water resources and water conservation, rational use of water resources, make use of water resources strategy for the sustainable development. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in China is becoming increasingly serious, affect the water resources crisis has on the sustainable development of the society, with the development of population explosion and economic more quickly after twenty-first Century, the social demand gradually increased, and in accordance with the current The development of the situation, the quality is bound to cause the water supply and the water can not meet the needs of society, the water resource crisis we from affect every aspect of our lives. Because the national condition is restricted, inland lake and river pollution in China is serious, coupled with the use of water resources shortage, the agricultural irrigation water the proportion reached seventy-five percent, and many of the irrigation facilities aging is very serious, serious water channel Water Leakage, irrigation management, the majority of farmers' water saving consciousness is not strong, resulting in a lot of water and should not be used for irrigation, and a long time, China has not a complete agricultural water pricing mechanism, resulting in agricultural water the price is not complete, the price level has been low, resulting in further deterioration of water resource, water shortage and water waste coexist, but it also From the reflection of China's agricultural water saving potential is great. Heilongjiang province is located in the northeast, scarce rainfall, water shortages, less than the national average per capita water resources, with the province's rapid economic development, water resources crisis has become increasingly serious. Heilongjiang province is a national production big province, is an important commodity grain base. The province's total of more than 8 thousand small and medium-sized irrigation area, irrigation district yield accounted for the province's grain yield by 40%. if irrigation water resources decreased, it is bound to affect the province and the national food security, causing immeasurable losses. To study and formulate a correct pricing mechanism, establish a reasonable water pricing price reform the deepening of agricultural water management, organize irrigation area, has become an important research topic in Heilongjiang province development and reform. The paper first reviews the internal and external price The possible development trend of development process and after the analysis of the present situation of water price in China and the cause of the problem, the water price formation mechanism was discussed, understanding of the methods of water resources price structure, principle and influencing factors. To make reasonable scientific accounting as the cornerstone of agricultural water price of irrigation District, based on the full cost method based on Evaluation and analysis tools, through the analysis of agricultural irrigation water in Heilongjiang Province, the characteristics and water characteristics and factors affecting prices, water resources abundance, the utilization efficiency of water resources, water resources development conditions and affordability and other factors into the price setting process, make out the price of more practical, easy to use for. A series of problems in the operation and management of irrigation area, adjust the planning in the premise of not take out a lot of money to reform, in order to adapt to changes in the price of water resource, to We should economize on the amount of water resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use, protect water resources, increase production and income and raise farmers' income, which will make irrigation district management more meaningful.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S274;F323.213;F726

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