乌鲁木齐市周边草地禁牧效益分析

发布时间：2018-01-18 10:42

本文关键词：乌鲁木齐市周边草地禁牧效益分析　出处：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆主要以传统的游牧为主,过度放牧是新疆草原退化的主要原因。禁牧作为生态恢复的重要手段,已成为新疆草地恢复和保护的一项重要措施。研究植被群落结构与草地经济效益对禁牧的响应,对理解草地退化与恢复机理以及合理利用封育后的草地等提供指导作用。本研究以乌鲁木齐市周边禁牧3年、4年和5年的平原荒漠、山地荒漠、平原荒漠草原、山地荒漠草原、山地草原和低地草甸草地类型为对象,分别测定围栏内草地植被群落结构、高度、覆盖度、生物量,并计算其合理载畜量和围栏后的经济效益,以期为政府决策提供科学依据。主要结果如下:1、经过3年、4年、5年的禁牧后,不同类型草地植物群落的组成结构未发生明显的变化;围栏主要植物种的高度存在一定差异,均表现为禁牧5年禁牧4年禁牧3年;除低地草甸外,其余各类型草地植被覆盖度均为禁牧4年禁牧5年禁牧3年。2、受到气候波动和所处位置的影响,不同草地类型间生物量总体上表现为禁牧4年禁牧5年禁牧3年。草地禁牧虽可以有效地禁止牲畜对植物的采食践踏干扰,但其对植被生物量的影响远不及年度气候条件波动的影响。3、山地荒漠和山地荒漠草原合理载畜量在禁牧4年出现最大值,而平原荒漠在禁牧5年出现最小值;随禁牧时间的延长,山地草原和低地草甸合理载畜量逐渐减小,平原荒漠草原变化趋势则与之相反,在禁牧5年合理载畜量达到顶峰。4、山地荒漠和低地草甸禁牧经济效益最高,且在禁牧4年经济效益达最大;山地草原经济效益随着禁牧时间延长而逐渐降低,平原荒漠草原则与之呈相反的变化趋势;平原荒漠经济效益在禁牧4年有最小值,仅为431.75元。5、综合禁牧后不同草地类型中植物群落和草地经济效益,禁牧需要与利用(放牧和刈割)合理配置,才能使牧草在盖度、高度、生物量等方面比单纯放牧有所提高,但提高的程度并不与围栏禁牧时间成正比。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is dominated by traditional nomadic, overgrazing is the main reason of grassland degradation in Xinjiang. Grazing ban as an important means of ecological restoration. It has become an important measure for grassland restoration and protection in Xinjiang. The response of vegetation community structure and grassland economic benefit to forbidding grazing has been studied. This study provides guidance to understand the mechanism of grassland degradation and restoration and to make rational use of fenced grassland. In this study, the desert of plain, mountain and desert in Urumqi for 3 years, 4 years and 5 years were banned. The vegetation community structure, height, coverage and biomass of grassland community were measured in plain desert steppe, mountain desert steppe, mountain steppe and lowland meadow grassland. In order to provide scientific basis for government decision-making, the main results are as follows: 1, after 3 years, 4 years, 5 years of grazing ban. There was no significant change in the composition of plant communities in different types of grassland. The height of the main plant species in the fence was different to some extent, all of them were five years and four years and three years. With the exception of lowland meadow, the vegetation coverage of all types of grassland was 4 years, 5 years and 3 years, which was affected by climate fluctuation and location. The biomass of different grassland types was 4 years, 5 years and 3 years. Although forbidding grazing could effectively prevent livestock from interfering with plant feeding and trampling. But its influence on vegetation biomass was much less than that of annual climatic fluctuation. The reasonable carrying capacity of mountain desert and mountain desert steppe appeared maximum in 4 years of no grazing. However, the desert of the plain had the lowest value in the five years of forbidding grazing. With the extension of the grazing ban time, the reasonable stocking capacity of mountain steppe and lowland meadow gradually decreased, and the change trend of plain desert steppe was opposite, and the reasonable stocking capacity reached the peak in 5 years. The economic benefit of forbidding grazing in mountain desert and lowland meadow was the highest, and the economic benefit of forbidding grazing was the highest in 4 years. The economic benefits of mountain steppe gradually decreased with the extension of grazing ban time, while the desert steppe in plain showed the opposite trend. The economic benefit of desert in plain had the minimum value in 4 years, which was only 431.75 yuan. The economic benefits of plant community and grassland in different grassland types after comprehensive grazing ban were analyzed. In order to improve forage coverage, height and biomass, the forage forage needs reasonable allocation and utilization (grazing and mowing), but the increase is not proportional to the time of fencing grazing.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.212;S812

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