湖北省耕地生产效率的区域差异及提升研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 21:53

本文选题：湖北省　切入点：耕地生产效率　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地、资本和劳动力是农业生产的三大基本要素,通过三大要素的合理配置以实现产出最大化是农业生产的目标,这其中尤其以耕地资源的配置最为重要。因为作为一个农业大国,农业的稳定发展关乎国民经济良好稳步运行,而耕地的生产效率则决定了我国农业生产能否满足国民日益增长的需求。鉴于耕地资源的不可再生性,耕地的合理有效利用是我国的粮食安全和国家繁荣稳定的重要基础。湖北省地处我国中部,位于连接南北,贯通东西的重要地理位置。由于所在的纬度适合农业生产,且属水资源丰富的长江流域中游地区,因而素有“鱼米之乡”的美称。虽然是我国的农业大省,湖北省的人均耕地资源仅有1.33亩,低于全国平均水平,作为重要粮食产区,其耕地生产效率值得深入研究。本文采用数据包络分析方法,从县域层面测度湖北省耕地生产效率,分析其时空演变,并结合三阶段DEA方法,剔除外部环境因素和随机误差的影响,使各县域单元处于相同的经济环境和运气环境下,测度其真实耕地生产效率,对湖北省耕地利用提出差别化的改进建议,本文主要结论如下:第一、三阶段DEA方法第一阶段的测度结果表明湖北省全省县域单元耕地生产效率水平不高,且有逐年下降的趋势,耕地生产效率两极分化和低效率区规模的扩大是导致耕地生产效率低下的重要原因。第二、通过三阶段DEA方法第二阶段发现,耕地生产效率受外部环境因素和管理因素影响显著,农业发展水平、二元经济结构、土地区片地价和劳动力平均受教育年限对耕地生产效率都存在显著影响,将这些外部因素和随机误差项剔除后,各地区耕地利用效率有显著提升。第三、三阶段DEA方法第三阶段的结果显示,湖北省耕地生产各投入要素存在冗余,其中劳动力冗余情况较为严重,且鄂东北丘陵区和鄂西山区劳动力冗余尤为突出,可见解决不断增长的人口与稀缺的土地资源之间的矛盾依然是我国耕地利用效率提升中最重要的环节;农用机械的投入冗余率表现相对乐观;化肥用量的投入冗余表现出显著的差异性,有5个县域单元化肥投入冗余显著高于全省平均水平;播种面积的冗余主要是在前三类投入冗余综合作用下造成的利用效率低下,其提升也依赖于其他三方面因素的提升,因此在前三类投入的适当调节基础上结合地区生产条件合理安排耕作制度将是其最优解决方案。基于以上研究结论,对湖北省县域单元耕地生产效率提升提出以下建议:(1)有针对性地释放农村剩余劳动力(2)优化种植方式,合理施用化肥(3)因地制宜地开展土地集约利用和“精耕细作”生产模式。
[Abstract]:Land, capital and labor are the three basic elements of agricultural production. In particular, the allocation of cultivated land resources is the most important. As a large agricultural country, the stable development of agriculture is related to the sound and steady operation of the national economy. However, the productivity of cultivated land determines whether the agricultural production in China can meet the increasing demand of the people. In view of the non-renewable nature of cultivated land resources, The rational and effective utilization of cultivated land is an important foundation for China's food security and national prosperity and stability. Hubei Province is located in the central part of our country, located in an important geographical position connecting the north and the south, and connecting the east and the west. Since the latitude at which it is located is suitable for agricultural production, It is also a region of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin with abundant water resources, so it is known as the "land of fish and rice". Although it is a big agricultural province in China, the per capita cultivated land resources in Hubei Province are only 1.33 mu, which is lower than the national average, and is regarded as an important grain producing area. This paper uses data envelopment analysis method to measure the productivity of cultivated land in Hubei Province from the county level, analyzes its temporal and spatial evolution, and combines with the three-stage DEA method. Excluding the influence of external environmental factors and random errors, every county unit is in the same economic environment and luck environment, measures its real cultivated land production efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the utilization of cultivated land in Hubei Province. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the measurement results of the first stage of DEA method show that the productivity of cultivated land in county units in Hubei Province is not high, and it has a decreasing trend year by year. The polarization of cultivated land production efficiency and the expansion of inefficient area scale are the important reasons leading to the inefficiency of cultivated land production. Secondly, through the three-stage DEA method, the second stage finds out, The productive efficiency of cultivated land was significantly affected by external environmental factors and management factors. The level of agricultural development, the dual economic structure, the land price in the land area and the average educational years of the labor force all had significant effects on the productivity of cultivated land. After these external factors and random errors are eliminated, the cultivated land use efficiency of each region is improved significantly. Thirdly, the results of the third stage of DEA method show that the input elements of cultivated land production in Hubei Province are redundant. Among them, the labor force redundancy is serious, especially in the hilly area of northeast Hubei and the western Hubei mountain area. It can be seen that solving the contradiction between the growing population and scarce land resources is still the most important link in improving the efficiency of cultivated land use, and the redundant rate of input of agricultural machinery is relatively optimistic. There were significant differences in the input redundancy of fertilizer amount, and the redundancy of fertilizer input in 5 counties was significantly higher than the average level of the whole province, and the redundancy of sowing area was mainly caused by the low utilization efficiency caused by the combined effect of the first three types of input redundancy. Its promotion also depends on the other three factors, so it will be the best solution to arrange the farming system on the basis of the proper regulation of the first three kinds of inputs combined with the regional production conditions. The following suggestions are put forward to improve the productivity of cultivated land in the county area of Hubei Province: 1) to release rural surplus labor force 2) to optimize the planting method, to apply chemical fertilizer 3) to develop intensive land use and "intensive farming" production mode according to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.211

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