蒙古国土壤类型分布与种植业发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 08:25

本文选题：土壤类型 + 土壤分布　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤是人类社会发展最基本,也是最重要的自然资源之一,是影响生态环境、种植业可持续发展和国家粮食安全以及人类健康的重要因素。因此开展土壤类型空间格局和种植业研究已成为当今我国和国际土壤学界、农学界及环境科学界共同关注的重要研究内容。蒙古国地处亚洲中部,北面与俄罗斯的西伯利亚为邻,东、南、西三边同中国接壤,是我国北方重要的邻国之一,也是我国北方重要的绿色生态屏障。在我国与沿线国家共同推进“一带一路”合作战略和全面建设中蒙俄经济走廊的今天,中国与蒙古国在社会、经济、文化等方面的合作变得日益密切,对蒙古国资源环境总体格局和发展趋势的研究已成为国内研究者关注的热点问题。现阶段对于蒙古国社会经济和自然环境的研究多集中于农牧业发展和草原退化、沙尘暴变化趋势等方面,而针对蒙古国全国范围的土壤类型和种植业方面的相关研究还鲜见报道。开展蒙古国土壤类型空间格局、种植业分布和两者的关系研究变得重要和迫切,这对宏观掌握“一带一路”沿线国家的生态环境格局和发展潜力的总体把握提供基础性、宏观性科学数据和信息支持。本文以蒙古国为研究区域,基于蒙古国科学院地理研究所D.道尔吉高陶布院士编写的《蒙古国土壤》、种植业相关数据资料,通过利用ArcGIS10.1,在集成运用多种地理环境,空间信息的基础上,研究了蒙古国土壤类型分布的空间与结构上的特征,采用图件叠加和数据统计等方法,分析蒙古国土壤类型分布、种植业分布两者的相互关系,根据不同的土壤分布特征,从宏观层面上对蒙古国种植业与土壤方面的研究提供了科学的依据与参考价值。主要结论如下:(1)蒙古国主要土壤类型,按自然地理条件,可以将他们分为5个土壤带,即山地泰加林土壤带、森林草原-山地草原土壤带、干草原土壤带、荒漠草原土壤带、荒漠土壤带。其中干草原土壤带面积最广,土壤类型最为丰富。所占面积有8629.91万公顷,占总面积的55.6%,分布的主要土壤类型有暗栗钙土、栗钙土、淡栗钙土和低地暗色土。荒漠土壤带分布面积最小,土壤类型单一。所占面积为214.05万公顷,占总面积的1.4%,主要分布的土壤类型有砂土和松林砂等。(2)蒙古国种植业中,谷物种植占主要地位,根据蒙古国2015年统计,谷物种植面积为42.1万公顷,22个省市中,色楞格省和中央省种植范围最广。其次为饲料作物种植,面积为5.2万公顷,主要集中在色楞格省、中央省、乌布苏省、后杭爱省。马铃薯和蔬菜播种面积为4.0万公顷,主要集中在色楞格省、中央省、科布多省。水果种植面积仅有2.8万公顷,主要集中在中央省、乌布苏省。(3)结合蒙古国种植作物种类与土壤类型分布,可得知,谷物种植面积最多的土壤类型有暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土,利用面积为717920公顷。种植面积最小的是蒙古国西部草原地区的栗钙土和暗栗钙土,利用面积只有13.01公顷。马铃薯种植面积最多的土壤类型是暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土,利用面积为9527公顷。种植面积最小的为碱化-盐化土,利用面积只有3.29公顷。蔬菜种植面积最多的土壤类型是暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土,利用面积为15984公顷。种植面积最小的土壤类型是黑山型山地草甸土、山地泥炭土,利用面积只有4.32公顷。水果种植面积最多的土壤类型也是暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土,利用面积为1993公顷。种植面积最小的是草甸土和草甸沼泽土,利用面积只有3.24公顷。饲料作物种植面积最多的土壤类型是暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土、利用面积最小的是戈壁棕钙土,分别为5052公顷和213.3公顷。因此在蒙古国种植业发展中,利用率最高的土壤类型是暗栗钙土、栗钙土和低地暗色土。这些土壤主要分布在干草原土壤带和荒漠草原土壤带。盐土、碱土、砂土等基本上没有种植农作物产品。
[Abstract]:Soil is one of the most basic and most important natural resources for the development of human society. It is an important factor affecting the ecological environment, the sustainable development of the planting industry and the national food security and human health. Therefore, the research on the spatial pattern of soil types and the planting industry has become the present and the international soil science, the agricultural and environmental science circles in our country. The important research contents of common concern. Mongolia is located in Central Asia, Russia and Siberia to the north, East, South, West three with China border, is one of the most important countries of North China, northern China is an important green ecological barriers in China. Along with countries to jointly promote the "The Belt and Road" cooperation strategy and overall construction Today, China and Mongolia and Russia economic corridor, China and Mongolia countries in social, economic, cultural and other aspects of cooperation become increasingly close. The study of the overall pattern and development trend of the resources and environment of Mongolia has become a hot issue for the domestic researchers. At this stage, the research on the social economy and the natural environment of Mongolia is mostly concentrated on the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The development and grassland degradation, sandstorm trend etc, and the related research on Mongolia's national soil types and planting is rarely reported. The soil type spatial pattern in Mongolia, research on the relationship between planting industry distribution and both become important and urgent, the macro-control "The Belt and Road along the country the students The overall grasp of the pattern and development potential of the state provides the basic, macro scientific data and information support. This article is based on the Mongolia state as the research area, based on the "Mongolia soil" compiled by the Academy of geography of the Mongolia National Academy of Sciences, D. doorgeo, and the related data of the planting industry. Through the use of ArcGIS10.1, it is integrated and applied in a variety of fields. On the basis of environmental and spatial information, the spatial and structural characteristics of the distribution of soil types in Mongolia are studied. By means of superposition and data statistics, the distribution of soil types in Mongolia and the relationship between the distribution of the planting industry are analyzed. According to the characteristics of different soil distribution, the planting and soil of Mongolia country are made from the macro level. The research provides scientific basis and reference value. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main soil types in Mongolia can be divided into 5 soil belts, namely, the mountain Taigan soil belt, the forest grassland - the mountain grassland soil belt, the dry grassland soil belt, the desert grassland soil belt, the desert soil belt, and the dry grassland. There are 86 million 299 thousand and 100 hectares of soil and 55.6% of the total area. The main types of soil are dark chestnut soil, chestnut soil, light chestnut soil and low ground dark soil. The distribution area of the desert soil zone is the smallest and the soil type is single. The area is 2 million 140 thousand and 500 hectares, accounting for 1.4% of the total area. The soil types of the cloth include sand and pine forest sand. (2) in Mongolia, grain planting occupies the main position. According to the statistics of the country of Mongolia in 2015, the grain planting area is 421 thousand hectares. Among the 22 provinces and cities, the sect and central provinces are the most widely cultivated. The second is the forage crops, which are cultivated in the area of 52 thousand hectares, mainly in the province of sect. The planting area of potato and vegetable is 40 thousand hectares, mainly concentrated in the province of Sanger, the central province and Khovd. The area of the fruit is only 28 thousand hectares, mainly in the province of central province, in the province of Wu Bu su. (3) in combination with the distribution of crop species and soil types in Mongolia, the largest grain planting area can be found. The soil types include dark chestnut soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil with an area of 717920 hectares. The smallest cultivated area is chestnut soil and dark chestnut soil in Western Mongolia, with an area of only 13.01 hectares. The most cultivated soil types are chestnut calcium soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil, with an area of 95. 27 ha. The smallest cultivated area is alkali salinized soil with an area of only 3.29 hectares. The most cultivated soil types are dark chestnut soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil with an area of 15984 hectares. The soil type with the smallest planting area is montane mountain meadow soil, mountain peat soil, with an area of only 4.32 hectares. The most cultivated soil types are dark chestnut soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil with an area of 1993 hectares. The smallest planting area is meadow soil and meadow swamp soil, with an area of only 3.24 hectares. The most cultivated soil types of forage crops are chestnut calcic soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil with the smallest area. The Gobi Brown calcium soil is 5052 HA and 213.3 ha respectively. Therefore, in the development of Mongolia country, the highest utilization rate of soil type is dark chestnut soil, chestnut soil and low ground dark soil. These soils are mainly distributed in the dry grassland soil belt and the desert grassland soil belt.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S155;F316.1

【参考文献】