基于能值的大湘西农业生态效率研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 21:28

本文选题：大湘西 + 能值分析　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大湘西地区位于湖南省西部,经济发展基础薄弱,社会总体发展水平较低,但其自然资源丰富,区域内最具优势的产业为农业和旅游业。湖南省“精准扶贫意见”和“十三五发展规划”都曾明确提出要依托农业和生态优势,助力大湘西地区精准扶贫,建设湖南西部生态文化带、打造大湘西山地生态农业区。在生态文明建设的要求下,大湘西地区农业发展必须以现代高效生态农业为目标,综合利用各种资源,探索可持续发展路径。因此,了解大湘西农业生态系统现状,在此基础上,对现阶段大湘西农业生态系统效率和可持续发展状况作出评价很有必要。本文运用了能值研究方法对大湘西农业生态系统进行了分析,得出以下结论:①大湘西农业生态系统中,能值投入为3.59E+22sej,占湖南省农业生态系统总能值投入的40%,农产品能值产出为1.56E+23sej,占湖南省总能值产出的30.7%,能值投入高而能值产出低,说明从能值的角度来看,大湘西农业投入产出效率较湖南省低。②大湘西农业发展中包含了大量的环境资源能值投入,环境资源能值投入占比(能值自给率)31.97%,湖南省平均水平为29.25%。这说明大湘西地区农业生态系统发展投入的环境资源成本非常高。③大湘西农业生态系统中,投入的劳动力能值和化肥能值共占总能值投入的60.62%,湖南省为42.52%,而机械、柴油、有机肥等其他能值投入较小,说明该系统大体仍处于传统农业阶段,发展模式为粗放式发展模式阶段,该模式需要以大量劳动力和化肥投入来维持。大湘西的系统能值投资率与湖南省相比,处于湖南省中下水平,因此大湘西农业生态系统环境资源投入大但利用效率低。④在大湘西农业生态系统产出中,起主导作用的是种植业,其次是畜牧业,相比之下,林业和渔业占比非常小。种植业中,中草药、油料、谷物和水果处于优势地位,畜牧业中猪肉处于主导地位,牛肉、禽肉也具有优势。能值产出率为6.41,比湖南省的8.05小很多,所以整体上大湘西农业生态系统的产业回报率不高,产业竞争力不强。⑤大湘西的五个区域能值产出中,邵阳市在谷物、豆类、中草药、猪肉、羊肉、禽肉、牛奶、油茶、水产品上具有明显优势,怀化市的棉花、油料、甘蔗、中草药、水果、兔肉、蜂蜜、林产品能值产出最高。娄底市的茶叶和禽蛋能值产出最大,娄底市农业生态系统内猪肉能值产出占绝对优势。张家界的麻类、棕片在大湘西区域内能值产出占比最大,在它本区域内,棉花、甘蔗、烟叶、薯类等经济作物占据主导地位。湘西州的薯类、蔬菜、烟叶能值产出是大湘西区域中最大的,水果、油桐子、松脂、竹材也具有一定优势。各地区可根据能值产出优势,结合市场发展名优特产。⑥大湘西农业生态系统的环境负载率低于湖南省,相比之下,环境压力不大,但是大湘西地区生态环境脆弱,一旦破坏就很难恢复,因此开发更需要谨慎。⑦大湘西农业生态系统可持续发展指数为2.97,低于湖南省平均水平的3.25,但都处于1到10之间,说明大湘西农业生态系统及湖南省农业生态系统都属于具有活力与发展潜力的农业生态系统。但是大湘西的购买能值比率较低(辅助能值投入比率),系统开发水平还处于落后状态。根据能值投入产出状况和能值指标的体现,本文提出了促进大湘西农业生态系统可持续发展的对策及建议:①对系统辅助能值投入比例进行优化,提高农业生态系统的运行效率;②转移农村剩余劳动力,提高农民素质;③因地制宜,发展名优特产;④提升农产品质量,打造大湘西农产品区域品牌。
[Abstract]:The great Xiangxi region is located in the west of Hunan province. Its economic development foundation is weak and the overall development level of the society is low, but its natural resources are rich. The most advantageous industries in the region are agriculture and tourism. Hunan province "precision poverty alleviation opinions" and "13th Five-Year development plan" have clearly proposed to rely on agricultural and ecological advantages to help big Xiangxi. With the construction of ecological civilization, the agricultural development of the great Xiangxi region must take the modern and efficient ecological agriculture as the goal, and make comprehensive use of various resources to explore the path of sustainable development. Therefore, to understand the present situation of the agro ecosystem in great Xiangxi, to understand the present situation of the agricultural ecosystem in great Xiangxi, and to understand the present situation of the agro ecosystem in great Xiangxi, and in order to understand the present situation of the agricultural ecosystem in great Xiangxi, and to understand the present situation of the agro ecosystem in great Xiangxi. On this basis, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem in Xiangxi at the present stage. In this paper, the research method of energy value is used to analyze the agricultural ecosystem of big Xiangxi, and the following conclusions are drawn: (1) in the agro ecosystem of big Xiangxi, the energy input is 3.59E+22sej, accounting for the general agricultural ecosystem of Hunan province. 40% of the energy value input, the energy output of agricultural products is 1.56E+23sej, accounting for 30.7% of the total energy output in Hunan Province, the energy input is high and the output of energy is low. From the point of view of the energy value, the efficiency of agricultural input and output of big Xiangxi is lower than that of Hunan province. Secondly, the agricultural development of big Xiangxi contains a large amount of environmental resources input, and the environmental resources can be put into value. The ratio is 31.97%, the average level of Hunan province is 29.25%., which indicates that the cost of environmental resources is very high in the development of agricultural ecosystem in the big Xiangxi area. In the big Xiangxi agro ecosystem, the input of labor energy and fertilizer energy value accounted for 60.62% of the total energy input, and the Hunan province was 42.52%, and the machinery, diesel, organic fertilizer and so on. Other energy input is small, indicating that the system is still in the traditional agricultural stage, and the development model is the stage of extensive development model, which needs to be maintained with a large number of labor and fertilizer input. The investment rate of Xiangxi's system can be compared with Hunan, in the middle and lower levels of Hunan Province, so the environmental capital of the big Xiangxi agro ecosystem. In the agricultural ecosystem output of big Xiangxi, the leading role of the agricultural ecosystem is planting, followed by animal husbandry, in comparison, the proportion of forestry and fishery is very small. In the planting industry, Chinese herbal medicine, oil, grain and fruit are in the dominant position, and the pork is dominant in the animal husbandry, beef and poultry have advantages too. The output rate is 6.41, much smaller than that of 8.05 in Hunan Province, so the industrial return rate of the agricultural ecosystem in Xiangxi is not high and the industrial competitiveness is not strong. 5. In the five regional energy output of big Xiangxi, Shaoyang has obvious advantages in grain, legumes, Chinese herbal medicine, pork, mutton, poultry meat, milk, camellia, and aquatic products, and Huaihua City Cotton, oil, sugar cane, Chinese herbal medicine, fruit, rabbit meat, honey, and forest products have the highest output value. Loudi's tea and egg can produce the largest value, and the output of pork can be the absolute advantage in the agricultural ecosystem in Loudi. Zhangjiajie's Hemp and brown slices are the largest in the big Xiangxi region. In the region, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and tobacco The economic crops such as leaf and potato are dominant. The value output of potato, vegetable and tobacco in Xiangxi is the largest in the big Xiangxi region. Fruit, tung oil, pine fat and bamboo also have some advantages. Each region can produce advantages according to the energy value and combine the market to develop the famous special products. 6. The environmental load rate of the big Xiangxi agro ecosystem is lower than Hunan. In contrast, the environmental pressure is small, but the ecological environment of the big Xiangxi area is fragile, once the destruction is difficult to recover, so it is more prudent to develop. And the sustainable development index of the big Xiangxi agro ecosystem is 2.97, lower than the average level of 3.25 in Hunan Province, but it is between 1 and 10, indicating the agricultural ecosystem of big Xiangxi and Hunan province agriculture. The industrial ecosystem is an agro ecosystem with vitality and development potential. But the purchasing energy ratio of big Xiangxi is low (auxiliary energy input ratio), and the development level of the system is still in the backward state. According to the embodiment of the input-output status and the energy value index of the energy value, this paper puts forward the sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem in big Xiangxi. The countermeasures and suggestions are as follows: (1) optimizing the ratio of the system auxiliary energy input to improve the efficiency of the agricultural ecosystem; second, to transfer the surplus rural labor force and improve the quality of the farmers; thirdly, to develop the famous special products according to local conditions; (4) to improve the quality of agricultural products and build the regional brand of agricultural products in Xiangxi.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F327

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