基于森林碳汇的木材物流网络结构动态优化

发布时间：2018-05-05 05:19

本文选题：木材物流网络 + 碳汇增量　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：木材作为木材物流的供应原料,其生长具有明显的季节性和地域性特征,为了实现对木材物流网络结构的优化设计,必须长时间掌握木材的供应情况。木材供应状况是由森林生长和所采取的经营措施决定的,只有从林地出发,研究林木的生长以及森林经营规划,才能在较长的时间内全面了解木材供应的数量和位置。随着温室效应,酸雨、臭氧层空洞等环境问题愈演愈烈,人们越来越注重森林的碳汇功能。传统追求经济效益的森林经营方式已经不适应当前的要求,多目标经营规划才是如今的主题。在这样的背景下,本文以将乐县森林为研究对象,利用多元逐步回归法和非线性迭代法建立了蓄积生长预测模型,应用现有的生物量-蓄积量转化法,实现对碳汇增量的计算,在此基础上构建了以木材生产和碳汇增量为目标的森林采伐作业动态优化模型。在LINGO 11.0软件的求解下得到了规划期内木材供应的时空分布情况,以此来实现对木材物流网络节点和运输决策的优化研究。具体的研究成果如下:(1)基于将乐县森林资源二类清查数据,根据优势树种组成将小班划分为马尾松林、杉木林、阔叶林、针叶混交林和针阔混交林五种主要森林类型。利用SPSS21.0软件,建立了五种主要森林类型的蓄积预测模型和小班生长模型,通过查阅相关文献,应用现有的生物量-蓄积量转化方法,确定出碳汇增长模型。(2)在择伐状态下,以木材生产和碳汇增量作为经营目标,采用多目标规划法,建立了森林经营规划动态优化模型,利用LINGO11.0软件进行求解,结果表明:在30年规划期内,木材收获量为470.97万m3,即年允许木材供应量为15.7万m3,碳汇增量为466.7万t,并且在ArcGIS 10.0软件的支持下,不仅掌握了森林小班采伐作业时空分布情况,而且完成了对伐区楞场的设置。(3)在确定出57个伐区楞场位置及出材量的基础上,综合考虑了选址的原则和影响因素,运用ArcGIS10.0软件的空间量算、缓冲区分析和叠加分析等功能,筛选出了6个备选木材加工企业,结合给定的数据资料,构建以木材物流系统总费用最低为目标函数的木材物流网络动态优化模型,运用LINGO11.0软件编写和求解模型,最终得到备选加工企业2和6为最佳建设位置,并明确了的企业规模情况和具体运输方案。
[Abstract]:Wood, as the raw material of timber logistics, has obvious seasonal and regional characteristics. In order to optimize the network structure of timber logistics, it is necessary to grasp the supply of wood for a long time. Timber supply is determined by forest growth and management measures. Only by studying the forest growth and forest management planning can the quantity and position of timber supply be fully understood in a long time. With Greenhouse Effect, acid rain, ozone hole and other environmental problems, people pay more and more attention to the carbon sink function of forest. The traditional forest management mode which pursues economic benefits has not been able to meet the current requirements, and multi-objective management planning is the current theme. Under this background, this paper takes the forest of Jianle County as the research object, uses the multivariate stepwise regression method and the nonlinear iterative method to establish the prediction model of the accumulative growth, and applies the existing biomass and volume transformation method to realize the calculation of the carbon sink increment. On the basis of this, a dynamic optimization model of forest cutting was constructed, which aimed at wood production and carbon sink increment. The spatial and temporal distribution of timber supply in the planning period is obtained by solving the LINGO 11.0 software, which can be used to optimize the timber logistics network node and transportation decision. The specific research results are as follows: (1) based on the data of the second type inventory of forest resources in Jianle County, the small plots are divided into five main forest types: Pinus massoniana forest, Chinese fir forest, broadleaf forest, coniferous mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest according to the composition of dominant tree species. By using SPSS21.0 software, the accumulative prediction model and the small compartment growth model of five main forest types were established. By referring to the relevant literature and applying the existing method of biomass-volume transformation, the carbon sink growth model. 2) was determined under the condition of selective cutting. Taking wood production and carbon sink increment as management objectives, the dynamic optimization model of forest management planning is established by using multi-objective programming method. The results show that the dynamic optimization model of forest management planning is solved by using LINGO11.0 software. The results show that: during the 30-year planning period, The timber harvest amount is 4.7097 million m3, that is, the annual permitted timber supply is 157000 m3, the carbon sink increment is 4.667 million t, and with the support of ArcGIS 10.0 software, not only the spatial and temporal distribution of forest subgroup cutting operations is grasped. On the basis of determining the position and output quantity of 57 logging fields, the paper comprehensively considers the principle of location and influencing factors, and uses the functions of spatial calculation, buffer analysis and superposition analysis of ArcGIS10.0 software. In this paper, six alternative wood processing enterprises are selected. Based on the given data, the dynamic optimization model of timber logistics network is constructed, which takes the lowest total cost of timber logistics system as the objective function. The model is compiled and solved by LINGO11.0 software. Finally, the optimal construction position of alternative processing enterprises 2 and 6 is obtained, and the situation of enterprise size and the specific transportation scheme are defined.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.6

【参考文献】