我国农村土地流转对劳动力转移的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 09:11

本文选题：土地流转 + 劳动力转移　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会和经济的发展,农村劳动力转移问题日益成为各方关注的热点。我国农村劳动力的转移受到众多因素的限制,其中土地对农村劳动力转移的束缚作用非常明显。土地能否顺利流转对我国农村劳动力的转移具有关键性的影响。现阶段,土地为农民生存提供了最后的保障,我国农村劳动力在转移时,大多数并没有放弃土地的承包经营权。因此,国家在十七届三中全会上就土地流转问题做出了重要规定:在遵循法律法规、尊重农民意愿的基础上,让农民可以通过出租、转包、转让、互换和股份合作等多种方式实现农户之间的土地流转,促进多种形式的适度规模经营的发展。土地流转作为集中土地进行规模经营的一种重要方式,能够促进我国农村劳动力的转移。本文的重点是研究我国土地流转对农村劳动力转移的影响。首先,梳理了国内外学者关于土地流转对农村劳动力转移的影响方面的研究。其次,分析了土地流转对我国农村劳动力转移的具体影响,土地流转能够降低我国农村劳动力转移的经济门槛和社会门槛。同时,土地流转还可以通过劳动生产率的提高、土地保障功能的弱化来促进我国农村劳动力的转移。接着,在理论分析的基础上,本文构建了土地流转与农村劳动力转移的计量模型,利用1991-2013年的数据进行土地流转对农村劳动力转移影响的实证分析。通过建立VAR模型,得出了土地流转面积与农村劳动力转移比重之间存在正相关关系,土地流转面积越大,农村劳动力转移人口比例就越大,有越来越多的农村劳动力向非农产业转移。但是,由于目前土地流转市场机制和社会保障机制不健全、农村金融发展滞后以及地方政府的职能错位,我国土地流转面临着一系列的问题,主要有土地流转双方的矛盾纠纷、土地流转意愿不高、融资渠道狭窄、政府管理不当等。这些问题的存在导致我国农村劳动力转移不能适应城市化的进程。为此,本文总结了英、美、日三个国家通过土地流转来促进农村劳动力转移的经验。最后从六个方面提出了通过土地流转促进我国农村劳动力转移的建议:健全市场机制、完善土地流转纠纷协调机制、完善社会保障制度、健全农村金融服务体系、构建就业平台、准确定位政府的管理和服务职能。
[Abstract]:With the development of our society and economy, the transfer of rural labor force has become a hot spot. The transfer of rural labor force in China is restricted by many factors, among which the binding effect of land on the transfer of rural labor force is very obvious. The smooth circulation of land plays a key role in the transfer of rural labor force in China. At present, the land provides the final guarantee for the farmers' survival. When the rural labor force in our country is transferred, most of them have not given up the contracted management right of the land. Therefore, at the third Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, the state made important provisions on the issue of land circulation: on the basis of following laws and regulations and respecting the wishes of farmers, farmers can be let, subcontracted, and transferred through rent, subcontracting, and transfer. The exchange and share cooperation can realize the land circulation among farmers and promote the development of moderate scale management in various forms. As an important way of centralized land management, land circulation can promote the transfer of rural labor force. The focus of this paper is to study the impact of land transfer on rural labor transfer. First of all, the domestic and foreign scholars about the impact of land transfer on rural labor transfer. Secondly, it analyzes the specific influence of land transfer on the transfer of rural labor force in China, which can reduce the economic and social barriers of rural labor transfer. At the same time, land transfer can promote the transfer of rural labor force through the improvement of labor productivity and the weakening of land security function. Then, on the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructs the measurement model of land transfer and rural labor force transfer, and makes an empirical analysis of the impact of land transfer on rural labor force transfer using the data from 1991 to 2013. Through the establishment of VAR model, it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between the land transfer area and the proportion of rural labor force transfer. The larger the land circulation area is, the larger the proportion of rural labor force transferring population is. More and more rural labor force is transferred to non-agricultural industry. However, because the market mechanism and social security mechanism of land circulation are not perfect, the rural financial development lags behind and the function of local government is dislocated, the land circulation in our country is faced with a series of problems, mainly the contradictions and disputes between the two sides of the land circulation. The land circulation intention is not high, the financing channel is narrow, the government mismanagement and so on. These problems lead to the rural labor transfer in China can not adapt to the process of urbanization. Therefore, this paper summarizes the experience of promoting rural labor transfer by land transfer in Britain, America and Japan. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the transfer of rural labor force from six aspects: perfect the market mechanism, perfect the coordination mechanism of land transfer disputes, perfect the social security system, and perfect the rural financial service system. Build employment platform, accurately locate the government's management and service functions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1;F323.6

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