粮食主产区煤炭资源开发与农用地生态补偿机制

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:57

本文选题：土地管理 + 矿产资源开发　；参考：《水土保持通报》2016年05期

【摘要】：[目的]定量测算煤炭资源开采对农用地生态环境影响,构建矿产资源开发与农用地生态补偿新机制。[方法]以黑龙江省粮食主产区鸡西市东山煤矿为例,采用市场价值法、排污费及机会成本法。[结果](1)煤炭资源开发直接影响农用地完整性及粮食生产,间接影响生态环境及矿区居民健康。(2)资源开发企业造成生态损失由破坏及受益企业承担补偿,不明确破坏主体及历史遗留矿山生态环境损害由政府作为生态补偿主体;矿产资源开发对现代农业产区水土资源造成长期及不可逆转性的生态环境损害,土地整理复垦及高标准农田建设是粮食主产区重要补偿客体,生态环境治理区及矿区居民也是补偿客体。(3)鸡西市东山煤矿开采与农用地生态补偿为947.20万元/a,补偿标准为煤炭产值的2.92%。(4)政府以财政转移支付作为生态补偿方式,矿产开发企业以资源开采与农业生态补偿标准形成保证金制度,保证履行生态治理义务。[结论]粮食主产区煤炭资源开发与农用地生态补偿机制应构建以受益企业及政府为补偿主体、土地整理复垦及高标准农田建设项目区、生态环境治理区及矿区居民为补偿客体,测算煤炭开发对农用地的直接及间接影响作为补偿标准,建立多元化的补偿方式。
[Abstract]:[objective] to measure quantitatively the influence of coal resource exploitation on the ecological environment of agricultural land, and to construct a new mechanism of mineral resources exploitation and ecological compensation for agricultural land. [methods] taking Dongshan Coal Mine, Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province as an example, the market value method, sewage discharge fee and opportunity cost method were adopted. [results] 1) the exploitation of coal resources directly affected the integrity of agricultural land and grain production, and indirectly affected the ecological environment and the health of residents in mining areas. The government should take the government as the main body of ecological compensation, the exploitation of mineral resources will cause long-term and irreversible ecological environment damage to water and soil resources in modern agricultural areas. Land consolidation and reclamation and the construction of high standard farmland are the important compensation objects in the main grain producing areas. The ecological compensation for mining and agricultural land in Dongshan Coal Mine of Jixi City is 9.472 million yuan / a, and the compensation standard is 2.922.2% of the coal output value.) the government takes fiscal transfer payment as the ecological compensation method. Mineral exploitation enterprises form a margin system based on the standards of resource exploitation and agricultural ecological compensation to ensure the performance of ecological control obligations. [conclusion] the mechanism of coal resource development and ecological compensation for agricultural land in the main grain producing areas should be constructed, which should take the beneficial enterprises and the government as the main compensation bodies, and the project areas for land consolidation and reclamation and high standard farmland construction should be established. As the compensation object, the direct and indirect influence of coal development on agricultural land was calculated as compensation standard, and a diversified compensation method was established.
【作者单位】：东北大学土地管理研究所;东北农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业项目“农田基础设施工程集成技术及模式研究”(200903009-2) 黑龙江省国土资源科研项目“黑龙江省两大平原现代农业综合配套改革试验区土地管理制度创新研究”(201411);黑龙江省国土资源科研项目“黑龙江省耕地利用潜力评价与后备资源调查”(201414)
【分类号】：F426.21;F321.1

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