基于土地流转制度改革的我国农地空心化危机与出路问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-11 00:07
【摘要】：农业作为国民经济的第一产业,是关系社会经济进步和国计民生的基础产业。“民以食为天”,粮食安全问题比天还大。农业是关系改革开放30多年来,在政府对“三农”不断的优惠政策的引导下,农业发展水平得到明显提高。但同时城乡差距及与农业与非农产业的差距却被进一步拉大。加之农村穷,农业弱,农民苦的现象依然存在,导致农业比较效益低且缺乏吸引力。随着农业与非农产业的非均衡发展,农民受绝对收益与比较收益的驱动影响,我国农业劳动力会选择将更多的劳动和资本从双低的农业生产转而投入到双高的非农行业中去,从而减少对耕地的要素投入,导致土地不能充分地与劳动力和资本进行结合,造成耕地的不充分利用甚至抛荒的严重现象,即农地空心化危机。农地涉及农民、农业和农村,是三农问题的重要一环。若任凭农地空心现象继续发展,不仅会对对国家土地资源造成浪费,更有可能威胁我国粮食生产安全。土地作为最重要的投入要素,土地制度改革的成败是农业农村改革成败的关键。能否通过土地改革,实现土地集约化、规模化经营,提高农业生产效率;解放农村剩余劳动力,增加农民非农业收入;进而使农民的看到土地流转的价值,减少自主选择的土地撂荒,对于我国农业现代化甚至是国民经济的协调发展至关重要。本文首先对农地空心化的相关理论基础进加以梳理,从而对农地空心化的内涵重新定义,然后对农地空心化的现状、特征、危害进行分析。接下来对农地空心化的成因进行建模分析,通过分别对农户的土地经营行为和农民工市民化行为做成本收益的分析和对农户的土地流转动因的分析,指出农地空心化和土地流转都是在特定条件下追求利益最大化的农户的一种追求资源配置帕累托改进的理性选择,从而指出土地流转可作为耕地撂荒的解决对策之一。最后通过对解决农地空心化的诸多出路分别分析得出农地空心化的根本出路是土地流转制度改革。并通过对对土地流转的理论基础、现状与制约因素的梳理,给出土地流转制度改革的政策建议。
[Abstract]:As the primary industry of the national economy, agriculture is the basic industry related to the social and economic progress and the national economy and people's livelihood. The problem of food security is greater than that of heaven. Agriculture is related to the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, under the guidance of the government's continuous preferential policies on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the level of agricultural development has been significantly improved. But at the same time, the gap between urban and rural areas and between agriculture and non-agricultural industries has been further widened. In addition, the rural poor, weak agriculture, farmers suffering phenomenon still exists, resulting in low agricultural efficiency and lack of attractiveness. With the unbalanced development of agriculture and non-agricultural industry, farmers are driven by absolute income and comparative income. Our agricultural labor force will choose to transfer more labor and capital from double low agricultural production to double high non-agricultural industry. As a result, the factor input to cultivated land can not be fully combined with labor force and capital, which leads to the serious phenomenon of underutilization and even abandonment of cultivated land, that is, the crisis of farmland emptiness. Agricultural land involves farmers, agriculture and rural areas, is an important part of the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. If the hollow phenomenon of farmland is allowed to continue to develop, it will not only waste the national land resources, but also threaten the security of grain production in China. Land as the most important input factor, the success or failure of land system reform is the key to the success or failure of agricultural rural reform. Whether through land reform, land intensive, large-scale management, improve the efficiency of agricultural production, liberate rural surplus labor force, increase farmers' non-agricultural income; So that farmers can see the value of land circulation and reduce the abandoned land of their own choice, it is very important for our agricultural modernization and even the coordinated development of national economy. This paper firstly combs the relevant theoretical basis of farmland hollowing, and then redefines the connotation of farmland hollowness, and then analyzes the present situation, characteristics and harm of farmland hollowing. Then the paper models and analyzes the causes of farmland hollowing, through the analysis of cost and income of farmers' land management behavior and peasant workers' citizen behavior, and the analysis of farmers' land circulation motivation. It is pointed out that both land hollowing and land circulation are rational choices for farmers who pursue the maximization of interests in pursuit of the improvement of Pareto's allocation of resources, thus pointing out that land circulation can be one of the solutions to the abandonment of cultivated land. Finally, through the analysis of many ways to solve the hollowing of farmland, it is concluded that the fundamental outlet of farmland hollowing is the reform of land circulation system. Through combing the theoretical basis, the present situation and the restrictive factors of land circulation, the policy suggestions of land circulation system reform are given.
【学位授予单位】：兰州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1
本文编号：2323959
[Abstract]:As the primary industry of the national economy, agriculture is the basic industry related to the social and economic progress and the national economy and people's livelihood. The problem of food security is greater than that of heaven. Agriculture is related to the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, under the guidance of the government's continuous preferential policies on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the level of agricultural development has been significantly improved. But at the same time, the gap between urban and rural areas and between agriculture and non-agricultural industries has been further widened. In addition, the rural poor, weak agriculture, farmers suffering phenomenon still exists, resulting in low agricultural efficiency and lack of attractiveness. With the unbalanced development of agriculture and non-agricultural industry, farmers are driven by absolute income and comparative income. Our agricultural labor force will choose to transfer more labor and capital from double low agricultural production to double high non-agricultural industry. As a result, the factor input to cultivated land can not be fully combined with labor force and capital, which leads to the serious phenomenon of underutilization and even abandonment of cultivated land, that is, the crisis of farmland emptiness. Agricultural land involves farmers, agriculture and rural areas, is an important part of the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. If the hollow phenomenon of farmland is allowed to continue to develop, it will not only waste the national land resources, but also threaten the security of grain production in China. Land as the most important input factor, the success or failure of land system reform is the key to the success or failure of agricultural rural reform. Whether through land reform, land intensive, large-scale management, improve the efficiency of agricultural production, liberate rural surplus labor force, increase farmers' non-agricultural income; So that farmers can see the value of land circulation and reduce the abandoned land of their own choice, it is very important for our agricultural modernization and even the coordinated development of national economy. This paper firstly combs the relevant theoretical basis of farmland hollowing, and then redefines the connotation of farmland hollowness, and then analyzes the present situation, characteristics and harm of farmland hollowing. Then the paper models and analyzes the causes of farmland hollowing, through the analysis of cost and income of farmers' land management behavior and peasant workers' citizen behavior, and the analysis of farmers' land circulation motivation. It is pointed out that both land hollowing and land circulation are rational choices for farmers who pursue the maximization of interests in pursuit of the improvement of Pareto's allocation of resources, thus pointing out that land circulation can be one of the solutions to the abandonment of cultivated land. Finally, through the analysis of many ways to solve the hollowing of farmland, it is concluded that the fundamental outlet of farmland hollowing is the reform of land circulation system. Through combing the theoretical basis, the present situation and the restrictive factors of land circulation, the policy suggestions of land circulation system reform are given.
【学位授予单位】：兰州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1
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